Protein Information

Name thioredoxin
Synonyms ADF; TRX 1; TRX1; ATL derived factor; SASP; Surface associated sulphydryl protein; TRDX; TRX…

Compound Information

Name sulfur
CAS sulfur

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
19714775 Dimastrogiovanni D, Anselmi M, Miele AE, Boumis G, Petersson L, Angelucci F, Nola AD, Brunori M, Bellelli A: Combining crystallography and molecular dynamics: the case of Schistosoma mansoni phospholipid glutathione peroxidase. Proteins. 2010 Feb 1;78(2):259-70.

Among these, glutathione peroxidases (Gpx) are a family of sulfur or selenium-dependent isozymes sharing the ability to reduce peroxides using the reducing equivalents provided by glutathione or possibly small proteins such as thioredoxin.
81(1,1,1,1) Details
19744922 Chung JS, Noguera-Mazon V, Lancelin JM, Kim SK, Hirasawa M, Hologne M, Leustek T, Knaff DB: Interaction domain on thioredoxin for Pseudomonas aeruginosa 5'-adenylylsulfate reductase. J Biol Chem. 2009 Nov 6;284(45):31181-9. Epub 2009 Sep 10.

5(0,0,0,5) Details
19762467 Westrop GD, Georg I, Coombs GH: The mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase of Trichomonas vaginalis links cysteine catabolism to the production of thioredoxin persulfide. J Biol Chem. 2009 Nov 27;284(48):33485-94. Epub 2009 Sep 17.

This consists of an aspartate aminotransferase (TvAspAT1), which transaminates cysteine to form 3-mercaptopyruvate (3-MP), and mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (TvMST), which transfers the sulfur of 3-MP to a nucleophilic acceptor, generating pyruvate.
4(0,0,0,4) Details
19801666 Roussel X, Kriznik A, Richard C, Rahuel-Clermont S, Branlant G: Catalytic mechanism of Sulfiredoxin from Saccharomyces cerevisiae passes through an oxidized disulfide sulfiredoxin intermediate that is reduced by thioredoxin. J Biol Chem. 2009 Nov 27;284(48):33048-55. Epub 2009 Sep 30.

3(0,0,0,3) Details
19908864 Xu X, Schurmann P, Chung JS, Hass MA, Kim SK, Hirasawa M, Tripathy JN, Knaff DB, Ubbink M: Ternary protein complex of ferredoxin, ferredoxin:thioredoxin reductase, and thioredoxin studied by paramagnetic NMR spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc. 2009 Dec 9;131(48):17576-82.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
19733575 Ranaivoson FM, Neiers F, Kauffmann B, Boschi-Muller S, Branlant G, Favier F: Methionine sulfoxide reductase B displays a high level of flexibility. J Mol Biol. 2009 Nov 20;394(1):83-93. Epub 2009 Sep 4.

MsrB are stereospecific to R epimer on the sulfur of sulfoxide.
For the subclass of MsrB whose recycling process passes through the formation of an intradisulfide bond, the recycling reducer is thioredoxin.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
20345183 Jan YH, Heck DE, Gray JP, Zheng H, Casillas RP, Laskin DL, Laskin JD: Selective Targeting of Selenocysteine in Thioredoxin Reductase by the Half Mustard 2-Chloroethyl Ethyl Sulfide in Lung Epithelial Cells. Chem Res Toxicol. 2010 Mar 29.

Thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) is a selenocysteine-containing flavoprotein that catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of oxidized thioredoxin and plays a key role in regulating cellular redox homeostasis.
In the present studies, we examined the effects of 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES), a model sulfur mustard vesicant, on TrxR in lung epithelial cells.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19958171 Ugarte N, Petropoulos I, Friguet B: Oxidized Mitochondrial Protein Degradation and Repair in Aging and Oxidative Stress. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2010 Mar 8.

Oxidized protein repair is limited to certain oxidation products of the sulfur-containing amino acids cysteine and methionine.
Oxidized protein repair systems, thioredoxin/thioredoxin reductase or glutaredoxin/glutathione/glutathione reductase that catalytically reduce disulfide bridges or sulfenic acids, and methionine sulfoxide reductase that reverses methionine sulfoxide back to methionine within proteins, are present in the mitochondrial matrix.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
20306235 Hawkes WC, Alkan Z: Regulation of Redox Signaling by Selenoproteins. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2010 Mar 20.

Thioredoxin reductases (three genes) use nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate to reduce oxidized thioredoxin and its homologs, which regulate a plethora of redox signaling events.
The sulfur amino acids, cysteine and methionine, are the main targets of reactive oxygen species in proteins.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
20135153 Papenbrock J, Guretzki S, Henne M: Latest news about the sulfurtransferase protein family of higher plants. Amino Acids. 2010 Feb 5.

Sulfurtransferases/rhodaneses (Str) comprise a group of enzymes widely distributed in all phyla which catalyze in vitro the transfer of a sulfur atom from suitable sulfur donors to nucleophilic sulfur acceptors.
Several studies in different organisms demonstrate a protein-protein interaction with members of the thioredoxin MPF indicating a role of Str in maintenance of the cellular redox homeostasis.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19954209 Crack JC, den Hengst CD, Jakimowicz P, Subramanian S, Johnson MK, Buttner MJ, Thomson AJ, Le Brun NE: Characterization of [4Fe-4S]-containing and cluster-free forms of Streptomyces WhiD. Biochemistry. 2009 Dec 29;48(51):12252-64.

WhiD, a member of the WhiB-like (Wbl) family of iron-sulfur proteins found exclusively within the actinomycetes, is required for the late stages of sporulation in Streptomyces coelicolor.
Low molecular weight thiols, including a mycothiol analogue and thioredoxin, exerted a small but significant protective effect against WhiD cluster loss, an activity that could be of physiological importance. [4Fe-4S](2+) WhiD was found to react much more rapidly with superoxide than with either oxygen or hydrogen peroxide, which may also be of physiological significance.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19825618 Hosoya-Matsuda N, Inoue K, Hisabori T: Roles of thioredoxins in the obligate anaerobic green sulfur photosynthetic bacterium Chlorobaculum tepidum. Mol Plant. 2009 Mar;2(2):336-43. Epub 2008 Dec 4.

In this study, 37 cytoplasmic proteins were captured as thioredoxin target candidates, including proteins involved in sulfur assimilation.
120(1,2,3,5) Details