Protein Information

Name calcineurin (protein family or complex)
Synonyms Calcineurin; Calcineurins; Protein phosphatase 2B

Compound Information

Name cypermethrin
CAS cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl 3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
16278292 MacMillan D, Currie S, Bradley KN, Muir TC, McCarron JG: In smooth muscle, FK506-binding protein modulates IP3 receptor-evoked Ca2+ release by mTOR and calcineurin. J Cell Sci. 2005 Dec 1;118(Pt 23):5443-51. Epub 2005 Nov 8.

This potentiation was due to the inhibition of calcineurin; it was mimicked by the phosphatase inhibitors cypermethrin and okadaic acid.
86(1,1,1,6) Details
1315545 Enan E, Matsumura F: Specific inhibition of calcineurin by type II synthetic pyrethroid insecticides. Biochem Pharmacol. 1992 Apr 15;43(8):1777-84.

It was found that all insecticidal Type II pyrethroids (cypermethrin, deltamethrin and fenvalerate) are potent inhibitors of isolated calcineurin from bovine brain.
85(1,1,1,5) Details
10898953 Mukerjee N, McGinnis KM, Park YH, Gnegy ME, Wang KK: Caspase-mediated proteolytic activation of calcineurin in thapsigargin-mediated apoptosis in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2000 Jul 15;379(2):337-43.

Last, calcineurin inhibitors FK506 and cypermethrin provided partial protection against thapsigargin-mediated apoptosis, suggesting that calcineurin overactivation contributes to thapsigargin-induced apoptosis.
85(1,1,1,5) Details
9714322 Fakata KL, Swanson SA, Vorce RL, Stemmer PM: Pyrethroid insecticides as phosphatase inhibitors. . Biochem Pharmacol. 1998 Jun 15;55(12):2017-22.

The type II pyrethroid insecticides cis-cypermethrin (c-Cyp), trans-cypermethrin, deltamethrin (Delt), and fenvalerate A alpha (Fen), as well as the type I pyrethroid insecticides cis- and trans-permethrin and S-bioallethrin, were unable to inhibit the phosphatase activity of purified calcineurin under conditions of maximal activation by Ca2+ and calmodulin.
82(1,1,1,2) Details
17950843 MacMillan D, Currie S, McCarron JG: FK506-binding protein (FKBP12) regulates ryanodine receptor-evoked Ca2+ release in colonic but not aortic smooth muscle. Cell Calcium. 2008 Jun;43(6):539-49. Epub 2007 Oct 24.

In aorta, although RyR3 (the main isoform), FKBP12 and calcineurin were each present, RyR-mediated Ca (2+) release was unaffected by either FK506, rapamycin or the calcineurin inhibitors cypermethrin and okadaic acid in single voltage clamped aortic myocytes.
34(0,1,1,4) Details
7531976 Richter A, Davies DE, Alexander P: Growth inhibitory effects of FK506 and cyclosporin A independent of inhibition of calcineurin. Biochem Pharmacol. 1995 Jan 31;49(3):367-73.

The role of calcineurin in CyA- or FK506-induced growth inhibition was investigated using the synthetic pyrethroid insecticides: cypermethrin, deltamethrin and fenvalerate, which are known calcineurin inhibitors.
32(0,1,1,2) Details
11341974 Siddiqui RA, Jenski LJ, Neff K, Harvey K, Kovacs RJ, Stillwell W: Docosahexaenoic acid induces apoptosis in Jurkat cells by a protein phosphatase-mediated process. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2001 Jan 15;1499(3):265-75.

DHA-induced apoptosis was effectively inhibited by tautomycin and cypermethrin at concentrations that affect protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) and protein phosphatase 2B (PP2B) activities, respectively, implying a role for these phosphatases in the apoptotic pathway.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
17981404 Moreno-Delgado D, Blanco I, Ortiz J: Phosphatases regulate histamine synthesis in rat brain. . Neuroscience. 2007 Dec 12;150(3):616-24. Epub 2007 Sep 21.

Other phosphatase inhibitors like endothall (PP2A), cypermethrin and cyclosporin A (protein phosphatase 2B, PP2B) had much lower effects.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
10197980 Stathopoulos-Gerontides A, Guo JJ, Cyert MS: Yeast calcineurin regulates nuclear localization of the Crz1p transcription factor through dephosphorylation. Genes Dev. 1999 Apr 1;13(7):798-803.

6(0,0,0,6) Details
7723735 Garver TD, Oyler GA, Harris KA, Polavarapu R, Damuni Z, Lehman RA, Billingsley ML: Tau phosphorylation in brain slices: pharmacological evidence for convergent effects of protein phosphatases on tau and mitogen-activated protein kinase. Mol Pharmacol. 1995 Apr;47(4):745-56.

However, combinations of FK-520 (5 microM) and okadaic acid (100 nM) caused tau mobility shifts similar to those seen after 10 microM okadaic acid treatment; similar results were seen using the calcineurin-selective inhibitor cypermethrin.
32(0,1,1,2) Details
19243469 Hui KK, Liadis N, Robertson J, Kanungo A, Henderson JT: Calcineurin inhibition enhances motor neuron survival following injury. J Cell Mol Med. 2009 Feb 20.

To examine the mechanism responsible for neuroprotection by these agents, pharmacologic inhibitors of several potential alternate signaling pathways (17-(allylamino)-17-demethoxygeldanamycin, rapamycin, cypermethrin) were evaluated with respect to neuroprotection.
5(0,0,0,5) Details
14691054 Montero M, Lobaton CD, Gutierrez-Fernandez S, Moreno A, Alvarez J: Calcineurin-independent inhibition of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake by cyclosporin A. Br J Pharmacol. 2004 Jan;141(2):263-8. Epub 2003 Dec 22.

Inhibition of mitochondrial Ca (2+) uptake required micromolar concentrations of CsA and was not mimicked by other inhibitors of calcineurin such as FK-506 or cypermethrin, nor by a different inhibitor of the PTP, bongkrekic acid. 4.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
9271338 Enz A, Pombo-Villar E: Class II pyrethroids: noninhibitors calcineurin. . Biochem Pharmacol. 1997 Jul 15;54(2):321-3.

4(0,0,0,4) Details
10339586 Conboy IM, Manoli D, Mhaiskar V, Jones PP: Calcineurin and vacuolar-type H+-ATPase modulate macrophage effector functions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 May 25;96(11):6324-9.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
17166943 Ahn HS, Kim SE, Choi BH, Choi JS, Kim MJ, Rhie DJ, Yoon SH, Jo YH, Kim MS, Sung KW, Kwon OJ, Hahn SJ: Calcineurin-independent inhibition of KV1.3 by FK-506 (tacrolimus): a novel pharmacological property. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2007 May;292(5):C1714-22. Epub 2006 Dec 13.

Other calcineurin inhibitors (cypermethrin or calcineurin autoinhibitory peptide) alone had no effect on the amplitude or kinetics of K (V) 1.3.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
10854899 Sistiaga A, Sanchez-Prieto J: Protein phosphatase 2B inhibitors mimic the action of arachidonic acid and prolong the facilitation of glutamate release by group I mGlu receptors. Neuropharmacology. 2000 Jul 10;39(9):1544-53.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
18657458 Araya JE, Cornejo A, Orrego PR, Cordero EM, Cortez M, Olivares H, Neira I, Sagua H, da Silveira JF, Yoshida N, Gonzalez J: Calcineurin B of the human protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi is involved in cell invasion. Microbes Infect. 2008 Jul;10(8):892-900. Epub 2008 May 22.

Treatment of metacyclic trypomastigotes (MT) or tissue-culture trypomastigotes (TCT) with the CaN inhibitors cyclosporin or cypermethrin strongly inhibited (62-64%) their entry into HeLa cells.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
18093324 Johnson AS, Garcia DM: Carbachol-mediated pigment granule dispersion in retinal pigment epithelium requires Ca2+ and calcineurin. BMC Cell Biol. 2007 Dec 19;8:53.

The calcineurin inhibitor cypermethrin blocked carbachol-induced dispersion; whereas, two protein kinase C inhibitors (staurosporine and bisindolylmaleimide II) failed to block carbachol-induced dispersion, and the protein kinase C activator phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate failed to elicit dispersion.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
19785652 MacMillan D, McCarron JG: Regulation by FK506 and rapamycin of Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum in vascular smooth muscle: the role of FK506 binding proteins and mTOR. Br J Pharmacol. 2009 Oct;158(4):1112-20. Epub 2009 Sep 25.

These receptors may be regulated by the accessory FK506-binding protein (FKBP) either directly, by binding to the channel, or indirectly via FKBP modulation of two targets, the phosphatase, calcineurin or the kinase, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR).
None of the phosphatase inhibitors, cypermethrin, okadaic acid or calcineurin inhibitory peptide, altered either caffeine- or IP (3)-evoked [Ca (2+)](cyto) release; calcineurin did not contribute to FK506-mediated potentiation of RyR- or IP (3) R-mediated Ca (2+) release.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
17581860 Borthwick LA, McGaw J, Conner G, Taylor CJ, Gerke V, Mehta A, Robson L, Muimo R: The formation of the cAMP/protein kinase A-dependent annexin 2-S100A10 complex with cystic fibrosis conductance regulator protein (CFTR) regulates CFTR channel function. Mol Biol Cell. 2007 Sep;18(9):3388-97. Epub 2007 Jun 20.

We report that annexin 2 (anx 2)-S100A10 forms a functional cAMP/PKA/calcineurin (CaN)-dependent complex with CFTR.
CaN inhibitors (cypermethrin, cyclosporin A) discriminated between ORCC/CFTR by inhibiting the CFTR (inh172)-, but not the DIDS-sensitive currents, by > 70%.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
14766180 Nagy G, Reim K, Matti U, Brose N, Binz T, Rettig J, Neher E, Sorensen JB: Regulation of releasable vesicle pool sizes by protein kinase A-dependent phosphorylation of SNAP-25. Neuron. 2004 Feb 5;41(3):417-29.


We found that constitutive PKA activity was necessary to maintain a large number of vesicles in the release-ready, so-called primed, state, whereas calcineurin (protein phosphatase 2B) activity antagonized this effect.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
10463953 Alexanian AR, Bamburg JR: Neuronal survival activity of s100betabeta is enhanced by calcineurin inhibitors and requires activation of NF-kappaB. FASEB J. 1999 Sep;13(12):1611-20.

In the presence of suboptimal amounts of S100betabeta, neuronal survival is enhanced by the immunosuppressants FK506 and cyclosporin A at concentrations that inhibit calcineurin, which is present in these cells.
Cypermethrin, a direct and highly specific calcineurin inhibitor, mimicked the immunophilin ligands in its neurotrophic effect.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
11099477 Krauss S, Brand MD: Quantitation of signal transduction. FASEB J. 2000 Dec;14(15):2581-8.


About 80% of the input signal is conveyed via identifiable routes: 50% through pathways sensitive to inhibitors of protein kinase C and MAP kinase and 30% through pathways sensitive to an inhibitor of calcineurin.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
14623285 Lee M, Petrovics G, Anderson WB: The synergistic activation of Raf-1 kinase by phorbol myristate acetate and hydrogen peroxide in NIH3T3 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2003 Nov 28;311(4):1026-33.

This synergistic activation of Raf-1 kinase was further enhanced by cypermethrin (an inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2B) and dephostatin (tyrosine kinase inhibitor) implying an inhibitory role for these phosphatases in the Raf-1 signaling pathway.
This synergistic activation of Raf-1 kinase was further enhanced by cypermethrin (an inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2B) and dephostatin (tyrosine kinase inhibitor) implying an inhibitory role for these phosphatases in the Raf-1 signaling pathway.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
7881062 Wang JH, Stelzer A: Inhibition of phosphatase 2B prevents expression of hippocampal long-term potentiation. Neuroreport. 1994 Nov 21;5(17):2377-80.

In the present study, a possible role of CaM-dependent phosphatase (phosphatase 2B, PP-2B, calcineurin) in the LTP process was examined by intracellular recordings in apical dendrites of CA1 pyramidal cells of adult guinea-pigs.
In dendrites in which cypermethrin, a potent and specific inhibitor of PP-2B (IC50 40 pM), was intracellularly applied, tetanization generated only short-term increases (15-30 min) of excitatory responses.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18265323 Weiser DC, Shenolikar S: Use of protein phosphatase inhibitors. . Curr Protoc Mol Biol. 2003 May;Chapter 18:Unit 18.10.


This unit describes protocols for inhibiting cellular phosphorylation activity with okadaic acid, microcystin-LR, and PP2B/calcineurin and a widely utilized strategy for inhibiting protein tyrosine phosphatases.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16139540 Shin DS, Wilkie MP, Pamenter ME, Buck LT: Calcium and protein phosphatase 1/2A attenuate N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activity in the anoxic turtle cortex. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. 2005 Sep;142(1):50-7.


However, cypermethrin, an inhibitor of the Ca (2+)/calmodulin-dependent PP2B (calcineurin), abolished the anoxic decrease in NMDAR activity at 20, but not 40 min suggesting that this phosphatase might play an early role in attenuating NMDAR activity during anoxia.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
17200551 Swingle M, Ni L, Honkanen RE: Small-molecule inhibitors of ser/thr protein phosphatases: specificity, use and common forms of abuse. Methods Mol Biol. 2007;365:23-38.


Inhibitors of PP2B (calcineurin) will only be mentioned in passing, except to state that, in our hands, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, and fenvalerate, which are sold as potent inhibitors of PP2B, do not inhibit the catalytic activity of PP2B.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
11487621 Svensson E, Grillner S, Parker D: Gating and braking of short- and long-term modulatory effects by interactions between colocalized neuromodulators. J Neurosci. 2001 Aug 15;21(16):5984-92.


The presynaptic, but not postsynaptic, effect of 5-HT was reduced by the protein phosphatase 2B inhibitor cypermethrin.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
18429239 Weiser DC, Shenolikar S: Use of protein phosphatase inhibitors. . Curr Protoc Protein Sci. 2003 May;Chapter 13:Unit 13.10.


This unit describes protocols for inhibiting the cellular PP1/PP2A activity with okadaic acid, microcystin-LR, and PP2B/calcineurin and a widely utilized strategy for inhibiting protein tyrosine phosphatases.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
20139366 Rosado JA, Pariente JA, Salido GM, Redondo PC: SERCA2b activity is regulated by cyclophilins in human platelets. . Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2010 Mar;30(3):419-25. Epub 2010 Feb 5.


Cypermethrin, a non-CsA-related calcineurin inhibitor, did not alter SERCA2b activity.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
15136564 Coronella-Wood J, Terrand J, Sun H, Chen QM: c-Fos phosphorylation induced by H2O2 prevents proteasomal degradation of c-Fos in cardiomyocytes. J Biol Chem. 2004 Aug 6;279(32):33567-74. Epub 2004 May 10.


The phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid, but not PP2B inhibiter cypermethrin, extended the time course of c-Fos protein elevation after H2O2 exposure.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
10936494 Thompson TL, Moore CC, Smith B: Estrogen priming modulates autoreceptor-mediated potentiation of dopamine uptake. Eur J Pharmacol. 2000 Aug 11;401(3):357-63.


Pretreatment with protein phosphatase 2B (deltamethrin, cypermethrin) or protein phosphatase 1 (tautomycin) inhibitors attenuated basal and quinpirole-potentiated dopamine uptake in ovariectomized but not estrogen-primed tissue.
0(0,0,0,0) Details