Protein Information

Name glutathione S transferase
Synonyms GST class alpha 2; Gst2; GST class alpha; GST class alpha member 2; GST gamma; GSTA 2; GSTA2; GSTA2 2…

Compound Information

Name dieldrin
CAS

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
11166672 Anguiano OL, Caballero de Castro A, Pechen de D'Angelo AM: The role of glutathion conjugation in the regulation of early toad embryos' tolerance to pesticides. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2001 Jan;128(1):35-43.

Reduced glutathion (GSH) content and glutathione S-transferase (GSH S-transferase) activity were investigated in developing toad embryos exposed to parathion, malathion, lindane and dieldrin.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
19038063 Munhenga G, Masendu HT, Brooke BD, Hunt RH, Koekemoer LK: Pyrethroid resistance in the major malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis from Gwave, a malaria-endemic area in Zimbabwe. Malar J. 2008 Nov 28;7:247.

METHODS: Standard WHO bioassays, using 0.75% permethrin, 4% DDT, 5% malathion, 0.1% bendiocarb and 4% dieldrin were performed on wild-collected adult anopheline mosquitoes and F1 progeny of An. arabiensis reared from wild-caught females.
Biochemical assays were used to determine the relative levels of detoxifying enzyme systems including non-specific esterases, monooxygenases and glutathione-S-transferases as well as to detect the presence of an altered acetylcholine esterase (AChE).
2(0,0,0,2) Details
2043152 Moody DE, Montgomery KA, Ashour MB, Hammock BD: Effects of environmentally encountered epoxides on mouse liver epoxide-metabolizing enzymes. Biochem Pharmacol. 1991 Jun 1;41(11):1625-37.

Male mice were treated (i.p.) for 3 days with 15 different environmentally encountered epoxides, and the effects of these compounds on liver microsomal and cytosolic epoxide hydrolase (mEH and cEH), glutathione S-transferase (mGST and cGST) and carboxylesterase (mCE) activities were determined.
The epoxides included the pesticides: heptachlor epoxide, dieldrin, tridiphane, and juvenoid R-20458; the natural products: disparlure, limonin, nomilin, and epoxymethyloleate; the endogenous steroids: lanosterol epoxide, cholesterol-alpha-epoxide, and progesterone epoxide; and the industrial or synthetic epoxides: epichlorohydrin, araldite, trans-stilbene oxide, and 4'-phenylchalcone oxide.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
1463899 Hemingway J, Small GJ, Monro A, Sawyer BV, Kasap H: Insecticide resistance gene frequencies in Anopheles sacharovi populations of the Cukurova plain, Adana Province, Turkey. Med Vet Entomol. 1992 Oct;6(4):342-8.

In Turkey, the mosquito Anopheles sacharovi has been under field selection pressure sequentially with DDT, dieldrin, malathion and pirimiphosmethyl over a period of 30 years for the purpose of malaria control.
In addition to the acetylcholinesterase resistance mechanism there is evidence of an increased level of glutathione S-transferase in some of the An.sacharovi populations tested.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
11162928 Matthews J, Celius T, Halgren R, Zacharewski T: Differential estrogen receptor binding of estrogenic substances: a species comparison. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2000 Nov 15;74(4):223-34.

Methoxychlor, p,p'-DDT, o,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDE, alpha-endosulfan and dieldrin weakly bound to the ERs from the human, mouse, chicken and green anole.
The study investigated the ability of 34 natural and synthetic chemicals to compete with [3H] 17beta-estradiol (E2) for binding to bacterially expressed glutathione-S-transferase (GST)-estrogen receptors (ER) fusion proteins from five different species.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16291185 De Luca-Abbott SB, Richardson BJ, McClellan KE, Zheng GJ, Martin M, Lam PK: Field validation of antioxidant enzyme biomarkers in mussels (Perna viridis) and clams (Ruditapes philippinarum) transplanted in Hong Kong coastal waters. Mar Pollut Bull. 2005;51(8-12):694-707. Epub 2005 Feb 23.

After 14- and 28-days of field exposure, several antioxidant parameters including glutathione S transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione (GSH) were quantified in gill and hepatopancreas tissues.
Chemical analyses indicated that: (a) clams had higher levels of PAHs, PHCs, DDTs and PCBs, whereas mussels had higher hexachlorocyclohexane (HCHs) and there was no difference between species for dieldrin and remaining OCs; (b) Kat O should not be continued as a "clean" reference site for Hong Kong, because of the levels of contaminants measured and (c) PAH concentrations in the current survey were similar to those previously measured.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12823830 Enayati AA, Vatandoost H, Ladonni H, Townson H, Hemingway J: Molecular evidence for a kdr-like pyrethroid resistance mechanism in the malaria vector mosquito Anopheles stephensi. Med Vet Entomol. 2003 Jun;17(2):138-44.


Extensive use of residual insecticide spraying for malaria vector control has selected An. stephensi resistance to DDT, dieldrin, malathion and other organophosphates throughout much of its range and to pyrethroids in the Middle East.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
8504903 Gilroy DJ, Carpenter HM, Siddens LK, Curtis LR: Chronic dieldrin exposure increases hepatic disposition and biliary excretion of [14C] dieldrin in rainbow trout. Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1993 Apr;20(3):295-301.

0(0,0,0,0) Details