Protein Information

Name brains
Synonyms BPG dependent PGAM 1; Brain; CDABP0006; PGAM 1; PGAM B; PGAM1; PGAM1 protein; PGAMA…

Compound Information

Name dieldrin
CAS

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
17999924 Mao H, Fang X, Floyd KM, Polcz JE, Zhang P, Liu B: Induction of microglial reactive oxygen species production by the organochlorinated pesticide dieldrin. Brain Res. 2007 Dec;1186:267-74. Epub 2007 Oct 18.

Dieldrin, a highly persistent organochlorinated pesticide found enriched in the substantia nigra of some postmortem PD brains, has been shown to be toxic to dopamine neurons.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
6247694 Kaiser TE, Reichel WL, Locke LN, Cromartie E, Krynitsky AJ, Lamont TG, Mulhern BM, Prouty RM, Stafford CJ, Swineford DM: Organochlorine pesticide, PCB, and PBB residues and necropsy data for bald eagles from 29 states--1975-77. Pestic Monit J. 1980;13(4):145-9.

Brains of five eagles contained possible lethal levels of dieldrin, and two eagles possibly died of endrin poisoning.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
826874 Clark DR Jr, Prouty RM: Organochlorine residues in three bat species from four localities in Maryland and West Virginia, 1973. Pestic Monit J. 1976 Sep;10(2):44-53.

Residues in bats from North East Methodist Church were low except for dieldrin.
Above 60-90 ppm, DDE levels in brains rose with increasing levels in carcass lipids.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
11116346 O'Shea TJ, Everette AL, Ellison LE: Cyclodiene insecticide, DDE, DDT, arsenic, and mercury contamination of big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) foraging at a Colorado Superfund site. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2001 Jan;40(1):112-20.

Big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) were captured (n = 51) while foraging at RMA in the summers of 1997 and 1998 for determination of concentrations of contaminants of concern in carcasses, brains, and stomach contents.
Bats captured while foraging at RMA had measurable quantities of dieldrin and DDE in masticated insect samples from stomach contents and significantly higher concentrations of dieldrin, DDE, DDT, and mercury (juveniles) in carcasses than big brown bats (n = 26) sampled at a reference area 80 km to the north.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
6793997 Ohlendorf HM, Swineford DM, Locke LN: Organochlorine residues and mortality of herons. Pestic Monit J. 1981 Mar;14(4):125-35.

Brains of birds found dead or moribund were analyzed to determine whether the birds had died of organochlorine poisoning.
Residues of DDE were found most frequently (96 of 105 carcasses analyzed), PCBs were second (detected in 90 carcasses), and dieldrin and TDE (detected in 37 and 35 carcasses, respectively) were about equal as third and fourth most frequent.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
409356 Greichus YA, Greichus A, Amman BD, Call DJ, Hamman DC, Pott RM: Insecticides, polychlorinated biphenyls and metals in African lake ecosystems. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 1977;6(2-3):371-83.

Concentrations of PCB's in the brains of the African birds were greater than the average total concentration of insecticides while the opposite was true for carcasses.
The insecticide residue most commonly found in both dams were DDE, DDD, DDT, and dieldrin.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
410957 Sileo L, Karstad L, Frank R, Holdrinet MV, Addison E, Braun HE: Organochlorine poisoning of ring-billed gulls in southern Ontario. J Wildl Dis. 1977 Jul;13(3):313-22.


Clinical, necropsy, bacteriologic, parasitologic, histopathologic, toxicologic and animal inoculation studies suggest that organochlorine (PBC, dieldrin and DDE) poisoning was an important factor in causing deaths of free-flying ring-billed gulls (Larus delawarensis) in southern Ontario in 1969 and 1973.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
18533268 Hatcher JM, Delea KC, Richardson JR, Pennell KD, Miller GW: Disruption of dopamine transport by DDT and its metabolites. . Neurotoxicology. 2008 Jul;29(4):682-90. Epub 2008 Apr 29.

Although studies have been unable to clearly identify specific pesticides that contribute to PD, a few human studies have reported higher levels of the organochlorine pesticides dieldrin and DDE (a metabolite of DDT) in post-mortem PD brains.
81(1,1,1,1) Details
2444176 Begum SJ, Reddy MM, Indira K, Swami KS: Effect of dieldrin on catalytic potential of field mouse Mus booduga brain acetylcholinesterase. Arch Int Physiol Biochim. 1987 Jun;95(2):101-4.

Substrate kinetics of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were investigated in control and dieldrin-treated Mus booduga brains.
62(0,2,2,2) Details
9600388 Brannen KC, Devaud LL, Liu J, Lauder JM: Prenatal exposure to neurotoxicants dieldrin or lindane alters tert-butylbicyclophosphorothionate binding to GABA (A) receptors in fetal rat brainstem. Dev Neurosci. 1998;20(1):34-41.

Effects of daily prenatal exposure to organochlorine insecticide (dieldrin or lindane) or bicuculline from embryonic day (E) 12-17 were determined in brains of E17 fetal rats using t-[35S] butyl-bicyclophosphorothionate ([35S] TBPS) binding.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
18695515 Mao H, Liu B: Synergistic microglial reactive oxygen species generation induced by pesticides lindane and dieldrin. Neuroreport. 2008 Aug 27;19(13):1317-20.

We report here that lindane and dieldrin, two widely present OCPs that are found enriched in the nigra of postmortem Parkinson's disease brains synergistically induced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in microglia.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
7517654 Fleming L, Mann JB, Bean J, Briggle T, Sanchez-Ramos JR: Parkinson's disease and brain levels of organochlorine pesticides. Ann Neurol. 1994 Jul;36(1):100-3.

Dieldrin was detected in 6 of 20 PD brains, 1 of 7 AD, and in none of 14 control samples.
12(0,0,2,2) Details
7383836 Clark DR Jr, LaVal RK, Krynitsky AJ: Dieldrin and heptachlor residues in dead gray bats, Franklin County, Missouri--1976 versus 1977. Pestic Monit J. 1980;13(4):137-40.

Lethal dieldrin concentrations were found in the brains of dead gray bats (Myotis grisescens) collected during 1976 and 1977 beneath a maternity roost in a Missouri cave.
7(0,0,1,2) Details
564550 Clark DR Jr, LaVal RK, Swineford DM: Dieldrin-induced mortality in an endangered species, the gray bat (Myotis grisescens). Science. 1978 Mar 24;199(4335):1357-9.

Brains of juvenile gray bats, Myotis grisescens, found dead beneath maternity roosts in two Missouri caves contained lethal concentrations of dieldrin.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
2668568 Stendell RC, Beyer WN, Stehn RA: Accumulation of lead and organochlorine residues in captive American kestrels fed pine voles from apple orchards. J Wildl Dis. 1989 Jul;25(3):388-91.

In contrast, DDE and dieldrin accumulated in the tissues and brains of kestrels to toxicologically significant concentrations.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
9527896 Sanchez-Ramos J, Facca A, Basit A, Song S: Toxicity of dieldrin for dopaminergic neurons in mesencephalic cultures. Exp Neurol. 1998 Apr;150(2):263-71.

Dieldrin can be retained for decades in lipid-rich tissue and has been measured in some postmortem PD brains.
6(0,0,1,1) Details