| Name | muscles |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | COX 7a M; COX VIIa M; COX7A; COX7A1; COX7A1 protein; COX7AH; COX7AM; Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7a H… |
| Name | linuron |
|---|---|
| CAS |
| PubMed | Abstract | RScore(About this table) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 16040568 | Hwang DY, Cho JS, Oh JH, Shim SB, Jee SW, Lee SH, Seo SJ, Kang HG, Sheen YY, Lee SH, Kim YK: An in vivo bioassay for detecting antiandrogens using humanized transgenic mice coexpressing the tetracycline-controlled transactivator and human CYP1B1 gene. Int J Toxicol. 2005 May-Jun;24(3):157-64. The typical strategy used in analysis of antiandrogens involves the morphological changes of a marker in castrated rats Hershberger assay for the prostate, seminal vesicle, levator ani plus bulbocavernosus muscles (LABC), Cowper's gland, and glans penis. To evaluate its ability for detecting antiandrogens, in vivo the dose effect of di-(2-ethylhexyl) (DEHP) and time effect of five antiandrogens, DEHP, di-n-butyl (DBP), diethyl (DEP), linuron (3-(4-dichlorophenyl)-methoxy-1-methylurea), and 2,4'-DDE (1,1-dichloro-2-(p-chlorophenyl)-2-(o-chlorophenyl) ethylene), were investigated using humanized transgenic mice coexpressing tetracycline-controlled transactivator (tTA) and the human cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme CYP1B1 (hCYP1B1). |
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| 19467291 | Freyberger A, Schladt L: Evaluation of the rodent Hershberger bioassay on intact juvenile males--testing of coded chemicals and supplementary biochemical investigations. Toxicology. 2009 Aug 3;262(2):114-20. Epub 2009 May 23. Compounds included the positive control flutamide (FLUT, 3 mg/kg), linuron (LIN, 10, 100 mg/kg), p,p'-DDE (16, 160 mg/kg), and two negative substances, 4-nonylphenol (NP, 160 mg/kg) and 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP, 10 mg/kg). Uncoding revealed these results: compared to vehicle controls, treatment with TP resulted in increased androgen-sensitive tissue (AST) weights of ventral prostate (VP), seminal vesicles (SV), levator ani and bulbocavernosus muscles (LABC), Cowper's glands, and epididymides, and in decreased testes weight. |
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| 17520051 | Owens W, Gray LE, Zeiger E, Walker M, Yamasaki K, Ashby J, Jacob E: The OECD program to validate the rat Hershberger bioassay to screen compounds for in vivo androgen and antiandrogen responses: phase 2 dose-response studies. Environ Health Perspect. 2007 May;115(5):671-8. Epub 2007 Jan 17. DESIGN: The Hershberger bioassay is designed to identify suspected androgens and antiandrogens based on changes in the weights of five androgen-responsive tissues (ventral prostate, paired seminal vesicles and coagulating glands, the levator ani and bulbocavernosus muscles, the glans penis, and paired Cowper's or bulbourethral glands). Protocol sensitivity and reproducibility were tested using two androgen agonists (17alpha-methyl and 17beta-trenbolone), four antagonists [procymi-done, vinclozolin, linuron, and 1,1-dichoro-2,2-bis-(p-chlorophenyl) ethylene (p,p'-DDE)], and a 5alpha-reductase inhibitor (finasteride). |
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| 11222873 | Tamura H, Maness SC, Reischmann K, Dorman DC, Gray LE, Gaido KW: Androgen receptor antagonism by the organophosphate insecticide fenitrothion. Toxicol Sci. 2001 Mar;60(1):56-62. Our results demonstrate that fenitrothion is a competitive AR antagonist, comparable in potency to the pharmaceutical antiandrogen flutamide and more potent, based on in vitro assays, than the known environmental antiandrogens linuron and p,p'-, 2,2-bis (p-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1-dichloroethylene ( p,p'-DDE). Both fenitrothion and the reference antiandrogen flutamide caused significant decreases in the ventral prostate, seminal vesicle, and levator ani plus bulbocavernosus muscles tissue weights. |
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| 15147789 | Kang IH, Kim HS, Shin JH, Kim TS, Moon HJ, Kim IY, Choi KS, Kil KS, Park YI, Dong MS, Han SY: Comparison of anti-androgenic activity of flutamide, vinclozolin, procymidone, linuron, and p, p'-DDE in rodent 10-day Hershberger assay. Toxicology. 2004 Jul 1;199(2-3):145-59. Flutamide significantly inhibited the TP-induced re-growth of seminal vesicles, ventral prostate, and Levator ani plus bulbocavernosus muscles (LABC) at 1mg/kg per day and above, and Cowper's glands and glans penis at 5mg/kg per day and above. |
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| 17688994 | Freyberger A, Ellinger-Ziegelbauer H, Krotlinger F: Evaluation of the rodent Hershberger bioassay: testing of coded chemicals and supplementary molecular-biological and biochemical investigations. Toxicology. 2007 Sep 24;239(1-2):77-88. Epub 2007 Jun 30. Test compounds included trenbolone (TREN; 1.5, 40 mg/kg), testosterone propionate (TP; 0.4 mg/kg), flutamide (FLUT; 3mg/kg), linuron (LIN; 10, 100mg/kg), 1,1-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2-dichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE; 16, 160 mg/kg), and two negative reference substances, i.e., compounds not considered to affect androgen-sensitive tissue weights (ASTWs) in the Hershberger assay, namely 4-nonylphenol (NP; 160 mg/kg) and 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP; 10mg/kg); TREN, LIN, p,p'-DDE, NP, and DNP being used under code. After submission of all study reports to OECD by participants uncoding revealed the following results: (A) When assessing androgenic potential in castrated rats, administration of TREN increased the weights of ventral prostate (VP), seminal vesicles (SV), glans penis, levator ani and bulbocavernosus muscles, and Cowper's glands at the high dose. |
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