Protein Information

Name cytochrome P450 monooxygenase
Synonyms CYP M; CYP20A1; CYP20A1 protein; Cytochrome P450 family 20 subfamily A polypeptide 1; Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase; CYP20A1 proteins; Cytochrome P450 family 20 subfamily A polypeptide 1s; Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases

Compound Information

Name gibberellic acid
CAS (1α,2β,4aα,4bβ,10β)-2,4a,7-trihydroxy-1-methyl-8-methylenegibb-3-ene-1,10-dicarboxylic acid 1,4a-lactone

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
15746349 Malonek S, Rojas MC, Hedden P, Gaskin P, Hopkins P, Tudzynski B: Functional characterization of two cytochrome P450 monooxygenase genes, P450-1 and P450-4, of the gibberellic acid gene cluster in Fusarium proliferatum (Gibberella fujikuroi MP-D). Appl Environ Microbiol. 2005 Mar;71(3):1462-72.
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10531641 Tudzynski B: Biosynthesis of gibberellins in Gibberella fujikuroi: biomolecular aspects. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 1999 Sep;52(3):298-310.

The rice pathogen Gibberella fujikuroi (mating population C) is able to produce large amounts of GAs, especially the bioactive compounds gibberellic acid (GA3) and its precursors, GA4 and GA7.
The progress in researching GA biosynthesis in the last 2 years resulted primarily from development of the molecular tools, e.g. transformation systems for the fungus, and cloning the genes encoding GA biosynthesis enzymes, such as the bifunctional ent-copalyl diphosphate/kaurene synthase and several cytochrome P450 monooxygenases.
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12750377 Tudzynski B, Mihlan M, Rojas MC, Linnemannstons P, Gaskin P, Hedden P: Characterization of the final two genes of the gibberellin biosynthesis gene cluster of Gibberella fujikuroi: des and P450-3 encode GA4 desaturase and the 13-hydroxylase, respectively. J Biol Chem. 2003 Aug 1;278(31):28635-43. Epub 2003 May 15.


We demonstrate also by gene disruption that P450-3, one of the four cytochrome P450 monooxygenase genes in the GA gene cluster, encodes the 13-hydroxylase, which catalyzes the conversion of GA7 to GA3, in the last step of the pathway.
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11986758 Hedden P, Phillips AL, Rojas MC, Carrera E, Tudzynski B: Gibberellin Biosynthesis in Plants and Fungi: A Case of Convergent Evolution? . J Plant Growth Regul. 2001 Dec;20(4):319-331.

Indeed, GAs were first discovered in the fungus Gibberella fujikuroi, from which gibberellic acid (GA3) and other GAs are produced commercially.
For example, 3b-hydroxylation occurs early in the pathway in G. fujikuroi and is catalyzed by a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, whereas it is usually the final step in plants and is catalyzed by 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases.
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