Protein Information

Name G proteins
Synonyms G gamma I; Guanine nucleotide binding protein 2; G protein; GNG 2; GNG2; GNGT 2; GNGT2; Guanine nucleotide binding protein gamma 2…

Compound Information

Name benzalkonium chloride
CAS quaternary ammonium compounds, alkylbenzyldimethyl, chlorides

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
8689388 Estevez MD, Vieytes MR, Botana LM: Mitoxantrone induces nonimmunological histamine release from rat mast cells. Inflamm Res. 1996 Mar;45(3):113-7.

Histamine release was also unaffected by substances acting on G-proteins, namely pertussis toxin (200 ng/mL), cholera toxin (300 mg/mL) and benzalkonium chloride (10 micrograms/ mL).
6(0,0,1,1) Details
17320058 Gotow T, Nishi T: Involvement of a Go-type G-protein coupled to guanylate cyclase in the phototransduction cGMP cascade of molluscan simple photoreceptors. Brain Res. 2007 May 4;1144:42-51. Epub 2007 Jan 26.

Furthermore, benzalkonium chloride (C (16) BAC), a selective activator of Go, dose-dependently generated an outward current similar to that induced by mastoparan.
6(0,0,0,6) Details
7540143 Mousli M, Trifilieff A, Pelton JT, Gies JP, Landry Y: Structural requirements for neuropeptide Y in mast cell and G protein activation. Eur J Pharmacol. 1995 Mar 15;289(1):125-33.

The histamine releasing effects of neuropeptide Y related peptides were greatly inhibited by pretreatment of rat mast cells with pertussis toxin or benzalkonium chloride.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
2117607 Higashijima T, Burnier J, Ross EM: Regulation of Gi and Go by mastoparan, related amphiphilic peptides, and hydrophobic amines. J Biol Chem. 1990 Aug 25;265(24):14176-86.

Mastoparan (MP), a cationic, amphiphilic tetradecapeptide, stimulates guanine nucleotide exchange by GTP-binding regulatory proteins (G proteins) in a manner similar to that of G protein-coupled receptors. 1) MP stimulated exchange by isolated G protein alpha subunits and alpha beta gamma trimers.
Several natural amphiphilic peptides also displayed modest stimulatory activity. 6) Benzalkonium chloride competitively antagonized the stimulation of Gi by MP but potently stimulated nucleotide exchange on Go.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
10431764 Daeffler L, Nadra K, Eichwald V, Ohresser S, Landry Y: Effect of NMDA receptor ligands on mast cell histamine release, a reappraisal. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 1999 Jun;359(6):512-8.

Both spermine- and arcaine-induced effects were independent upon extracellular calcium and were largely inhibited by treatment of mast cells with pertussis toxin or benzalkonium chloride.
Natural polyamines have been proposed to induce histamine release from mast cells through a direct interaction with G proteins.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
7840642 Khurana ML, Pandey KN: Catalytic activation of guanylate cyclase/atrial natriuretic factor receptor by combined effects of ANF and GTP gamma S in plasma membranes of Leydig tumor cells: involvement of G-proteins. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1995 Jan 10;316(1):392-8.

A significant stimulation of GC activity was observed in the presence of mastoparan, AlF4-, and benzalkonium chloride.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
1695472 Bueb JL, Mousli M, Landry Y, Bronner C: A pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein is required to induce histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells by bradykinin. Agents Actions. 1990 Apr;30(1-2):98-101.

Histamine release was dose-dependently inhibited by pertussis toxin (1-100 ng/ml) and by benzalkonium chloride (0.1-3 micrograms/ml).
2(0,0,0,2) Details
9448721 Zorko M, Pooga M, Saar K, Rezaei K, Langel U: Differential regulation of GTPase activity by mastoparan and galparan. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1998 Jan 15;349(2):321-8.

It is suggested that the reversal of GTPase activation by mastoparan to inhibition by galparan is due to different loci of action of these two peptides on G proteins.
Mastoparan reversed the effect of galparan in a fully competitive manner while benzalkonium chloride did not prevent the inhibition of GTPase activity by galparan.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
1372167 Bueb JL, Da Silva A, Mousli M, Landry Y: Natural polyamines stimulate G-proteins. . Biochem J. 1992 Mar 1;282 ( Pt 2):545-50.

The activation of rat mast cells by polyamines was inhibited by benzalkonium chloride or by a 2 h pretreatment of the cells with pertussis toxin.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
9137989 Estevez MD, Vieytes MR, Louzao MC, Alfonso A, Vilarino N, Botana LM: The antineoplastic drug vinorelbine activates non-immunological histamine release from rat mast cells. Inflamm Res. 1997 Apr;46(4):119-24.


TREATMENT: Vinorelbine (5-100 micrograms/mL), cholera toxin (200 ng/mL), pertussis toxin (100 ng/mL), benzalkonium chloride (10 micrograms/mL), compound 48/80 (1 microgram/mL), okadaic acid (1 microM), 12-tetradecanoate-acetate (50 ng/ml), perphenazine (1 microgram/ml), theophylline (10 mM), IBMX (1 mM), rolipram (15 microM).
0(0,0,0,0) Details
10844094 Seebeck J, Krebs D, Ziegler A: Influence of salmeterol and benzalkonium chloride on G-protein-mediated exocytotic responses of rat peritoneal mast cells. Eur J Pharmacol. 2000 May 26;397(1):19-24.

Low concentrations of benzalkonium chloride have been shown to inhibit exocytotic responses in rat peritoneal mast cells by selectively interacting with heterotrimeric G-proteins of the G (i)-type.
114(1,2,2,4) Details
9565765 Chahdi A, Daeffler L, Gies JP, Landry Y: Drugs interacting with G protein alpha subunits: selectivity and perspectives. Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 1998;12(2):121-32.

Benzalkonium chloride and methoctramine have agonist or antagonist properties, depending on G protein subtypes.
86(1,1,1,6) Details
9606019 Chahdi A, Daeffler L, Bueb JL, Gies JP, Landry Y: The M2 muscarinic receptor antagonist methoctramine activates mast cells via pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 1998 Apr;357(4):357-62.

Benzalkonium chloride, a selective inhibitor of histamine secretion induced by basic secretagogues, inhibited the secretory response to methoctramine. [p-Glu5, D-Trp7,9,l0]-SPs5-11 (GPAnt-2), a well-characterized antagonist of G proteins, blocked the methoctramine-induced histamine release when the antagonist was allowed to reach its intracellular target by streptolysin O-permeabilization.
84(1,1,1,4) Details
7536161 Emadi-Khiav B, Mousli M, Bronner C, Landry Y: Human and rat cutaneous mast cells: involvement of a G protein in the response to peptidergic stimuli. Eur J Pharmacol. 1995 Jan 5;272(1):97-102.

The hydrolysis of sialic acid residues by neuraminidase and the inhibition of G proteins by benzalkonium chloride or pertussis toxin significantly inhibited the secretory response of cutaneous mast cells to neuropeptide Y-(18-36) and mastoparan.
84(1,1,1,4) Details
7627138 Vidal M, Lefevre F, Rouot B, Sainte-Marie J, Philippot J: A GTP-binding protein modulates a Ca2+ pump present in reticulocyte endocytic vesicles. Biochem Mol Biol Int. 1995 Apr;35(4):889-98.

Moreover, mastoparan and benzalkonium chloride, both activators of heterotrimeric G proteins, were found to decrease 45Ca2+ uptake by endocytic vesicles.
82(1,1,1,2) Details
10771034 Mori K, Maru C, Takasuna K, Furuhama K: Mechanism of histamine release induced by levofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent. Eur J Pharmacol. 2000 Apr 7;394(1):51-5.

Unlike that with the calcium ionophore A23187, histamine secretion due to levofloxacin or compound 48/80 was prevented by pretreatment with either pertussis toxin or benzalkonium chloride, a selective inhibitor of G proteins of G (i) subtypes.
82(1,1,1,2) Details
11495692 Yoshida M, Yoshida H, Kitaichi K, Hiramatsu K, Kimura T, Ito Y, Kume H, Yamaki K, Suzuki R, Shibata E, Hasegawa T, Takagi K: Adrenomedullin and proadrenomedullin N-terminal 20 peptide induce histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cell. Regul Pept. 2001 Sep 15;101(1-3):163-8.

Histamine release, induced by ADM, was significantly and dose-dependently inhibited by the addition of ADM-(22-52) (10 (-5) M), Ca (2+) (0.5 to 2.0 mM), and benzalkonium chloride (3 to 7 microM), a selective inhibitor of Gi type G proteins.
81(1,1,1,1) Details
11129100 Odagaki Y, Nishi N, Koyama T: Functional coupling of GABA (B) receptors with G proteins that are sensitive to N-ethylmaleimide treatment, suramin, and benzalkonium chloride in rat cerebral cortical membranes. J Neural Transm. 2000;107(10):1101-16.

These results indicate that GABA (B) receptors in rat cerebral cortex couple to NEM-sensitive G proteins, in particular Gi2, which are sensitive to suramin and benzalkonium chloride.
38(0,1,2,3) Details
7686903 Vitale N, Mukai H, Rouot B, Thierse D, Aunis D, Bader MF: Exocytosis in chromaffin cells. J Biol Chem. 1993 Jul 15;268(20):14715-23.

Consistent with this finding, two other known activators of heterotrimeric G proteins, aluminum fluoride and benzalkonium chloride, inhibited calcium-evoked catecholamine secretion in streptolysin O-permeabilized chromaffin cells.
35(0,1,1,5) Details
1701214 Bueb JL, Mousli M, Bronner C, Rouot B, Landry Y: Activation of Gi-like proteins, a receptor-independent effect of kinins in mast cells. Mol Pharmacol. 1990 Dec;38(6):816-22.

The inhibitory effect of benzalkonium chloride showed that the G proteins involved belong to the Gi type.
34(0,1,1,4) Details
8027189 Haas A, Conradt B, Wickner W: G-protein ligands inhibit in vitro reactions of vacuole inheritance. J Cell Biol. 1994 Jul;126(1):87-97.

Inhibition by nonhydrolyzable guanosine derivatives, mastoparans, and benzalkonium chloride suggest that GTP-hydrolyzing G proteins may play a key role in the in vitro fusion events.
32(0,1,1,2) Details
1373170 Mousli M, Hugli TE, Landry Y, Bronner C: A mechanism of action for anaphylatoxin C3a stimulation of mast cells. . J Immunol. 1992 Apr 15;148(8):2456-61.

Histamine was released in a nonlytic manner and the mast cell stimulation by both natural and synthetic factors was sensitive to pertussis toxin, neuraminidase, benzalkonium chloride, and to an excess of calcium.
The C3a anaphylatoxin also directly stimulates purified G proteins (i.e., GTPase activity) in a dose-dependent manner.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
7523149 Grundemar L, Krstenansky JL, Hakanson R: Neuropeptide Y and truncated neuropeptide Y analogs evoke histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells. Eur J Pharmacol. 1994 Jun 2;258(1-2):163-6.

In addition, we examined whether the histamine release evoked by neuropeptide Y (and by compound 48/80) is sensitive to the G protein inhibitors pertussis toxin and benzalkonium chloride.
32(0,1,1,2) Details
7526655 Mousli M, Landry Y: Role of positive charges of neuropeptide Y fragments in mast cell activation. Agents Actions. 1994 Jun;41 Spec No:C41-2.

The histamine secretion induced by NPY fragments was inhibited by the treatment of mast cells with benzalkonium chloride and pertussis toxin indicating the involvement of G proteins.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
8471631 Fischer T, Bronner C, Landry Y, Mousli M: The mechanism of inhibition of alkylamines on the mast-cell peptidergic pathway. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1993 Apr 16;1176(3):305-12.

Histamine release induced by GTP gamma S and by mastoparan (a venom peptide activating G proteins) was inhibited by pretreating mast cells with 0.1 to 3 micrograms/ml of a mixture of benzalkonium chloride containing in majority a twelve-carbon-atom aliphatic chain (BAC (C approximately 12)).
31(0,1,1,1) Details
9716372 Seebeck J, Kruse ML, Schmidt-Choudhury A, Schmidtmayer J, Schmidt WE: Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide induces multiple signaling pathways in rat peritoneal mast cells. Eur J Pharmacol. 1998 Jul 10;352(2-3):343-50.

PACAP-induced degranulation of rat peritoneal mast cells was abolished by pertussis toxin and by benzalkonium chloride (IC50: 9.1 microg/ml) indicating the involvement of heterotrimeric G-proteins of the Gi-type.
7(0,0,1,2) Details