Protein Information

Name vasoactive intestinal peptide
Synonyms Intestinal peptide PHM 27; Intestinal peptide PHV 42; PHM27; VIP; VIP peptides; VIP peptides precursor; Vasoactive intestinal peptide; Intestinal peptide PHV 42s…

Compound Information

Name benzalkonium chloride
CAS quaternary ammonium compounds, alkylbenzyldimethyl, chlorides

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
14687703 Hernandes L, Gama P, Alvares EP: Ileal VIP submucous neurons: confocal study of the area enlargement induced by myenteric denervation in weanling rats. Regul Pept. 2004 Jan 15;117(1):69-72.


Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) neurons are maturing during suckling and weaning periods and the neuropeptide VIP is thought to be neurotrophic during ontogenesis.
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2434341 Fox DA, Herman JR, Bass P: Differentiation between myenteric plexus and longitudinal muscle of the rat jejunum as the site of action of putative enteric neurotransmitters. Eur J Pharmacol. 1986 Nov 12;131(1):39-47.

The myenteric plexus of a segment of rat jejunum was destroyed by serosal application of benzalkonium chloride (BAC).
Fifteen days after BAC treatment, both the BAC-treated and an orad control jejunal segment were removed and the mechanical responses of the longitudinal muscle produced by the following substances were examined: substance P, acetylcholine (ACh), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8), norepinephrine, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), bombesin, [Leu5] enkephalin and somatostatin.
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6195330 Fox DA, Epstein ML, Bass P: Surfactants selectively ablate enteric neurons of the rat jejunum. . J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1983 Nov;227(2):538-44.

Various concentrations of the cationic surfactants benzalkonium chloride (BAC) and benzethonium chloride, the anionic surfactants sodium ricinoleate, dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate and sodium lauryl sulfate and the nonionic surfactant Triton X-100 were applied to the serosal surface of the rat jejunum every 5 min for 0.5 hr and then rinsed off with saline.
BAC treatment markedly reduced the immunoreactivity of somatostatin, substance P, met-enkephalin and vasoactive intestinal peptide in the myenteric plexus.
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3792770 Dahl JL, Bloom DD, Epstein ML, Fox DA, Bass P: Effect of chemical ablation of myenteric neurons on neurotransmitter levels in the rat jejunum. Gastroenterology. 1987 Feb;92(2):338-44.

Within 2 days after benzalkonium chloride treatment, there was a 40% reduction in the activity of choline acetyltransferase, a specific marker for cholinergic neurons, and a 25% reduction in the amount of vasoactive intestinal peptide per centimeter length of jejunum.
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3233640 Zucoloto S, Diaz JA, Oliveira JS, Muccilo G, Sales Neto VN, Kajiwara JK: Effect of chemical ablation of myenteric neurones on intestinal cell proliferation. Cell Tissue Kinet. 1988 Jul;21(4):213-9.

These changes are probably induced by functional imbalance by the surviving neuronal elements in the gut, implicating neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine, noradrenaline, serotonin, somatostatin and vasoactive intestinal peptide.
The duodenum or descending colon of male Wistar rats (average weight 60 g) was treated by a serosal application of a 0.2% solution of benzalkonium chloride (BAC) for 30 min.
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