Protein Information

Name catalase
Synonyms CAT; Catalase; Erythrocyte derived growth promoting factor; Carnitine O acetyltransferase; Carnitine acetylase; Carnitine acetyltransferase; CAT; Catalases…

Compound Information

Name copper sulfate
CAS sulfuric acid copper(2+) salt (1:1)

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
10416023 Schultz JR, Clarke CF: Characterization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ubiquinone-deficient mutants. Biofactors. 1999;9(2-4):121-9.


Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity decreased and catalase activity increased in both Q-deficient and atp2 delta mutants compared to wild-type cells, suggesting that such changes result from the loss of respiration rather than the lack of Q.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
6405558 Kirchgessner M, Kim JJ, Grassmann E: [Cu and Fe content and ceruloplasmin and catalase activities in the blood of growing rats receiving different amounts of Fe and Cu] Zentralbl Veterinarmed A. 1983 Jan;30(1):15-25.

1(0,0,0,1) Details
14556383 Jouili H, el Ferjani E: Changes in antioxidant and lignifying enzyme activities in sunflower roots (Helianthus annuus L.) stressed with copper excess. C R Biol. 2003 Jul;326(7):639-44.


SOD (superoxide dismutase, EC 1.15.1.1) activity was reduced but CAT (catalase, EC 1.11.1.6) and GPX (guaiacol peroxidase, EC 1.11.1.7) activities were significantly enhanced.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16023296 Gupta SC, Siddique HR, Saxena DK, Chowdhuri DK: Hazardous effect of organophosphate compound, dichlorvos in transgenic Drosophila melanogaster (hsp70-lacZ): induction of hsp70, anti-oxidant enzymes and inhibition of acetylcholinesterase. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2005 Aug 30;1725(1):81-92.


Third instar larvae of Drosophila melanogaster transgenic for hsp70 were exposed to 0.1 to 100.0 ppb dichlorvos and 5.0 mM CuSO (4) (an inducer of oxidative stress and stress genes) and hsp70, and activities of acetylcholinesterase (AchE), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) product were measured.
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8282535 Yamanaka H, Hakoda M, Kamatani N, Kashiwazaki S, Carson DA: Formation of DNA strand breaks by D-penicillamine and bucillamine in human lymphocytes. Immunopharmacology. 1993 Sep-Oct;26(2):113-8.


When incubating human peripheral blood lymphocytes with D-penicillamine or bucillamine in the presence of 8 microM CuSO4, numerous DNA strand breaks occurred and those depended on the production of hydrogen peroxide and were completely blocked in the presence of catalase.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
7503715 Nakajima T, Sakagishi Y, Katahira T, Nagata A, Kuwae T, Nakamura H, Inoue I, Takahashi K, Katayama S, Komoda T: Characterization of a specific monoclonal antibody 9F5-3a and the development of assay system for oxidized HDL. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1995 Dec 14;217(2):407-11.


When the generation of oxHDL was limited by the addition of alpha-tocopherol and catalase, reactivity to 9F5-3a was reduced.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12768346 Raeymaekers T, Potters G, Asard H, Guisez Y, Horemans N: Copper-mediated oxidative burst in Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Protoplasma. 2003 May;221(1-2):93-100.


Addition of 300 U of catalase per ml decreased the level of H (2) O (2).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
11299314 Paris I, Dagnino-Subiabre A, Marcelain K, Bennett LB, Caviedes P, Caviedes R, Azar CO, Segura-Aguilar J: Copper neurotoxicity is dependent on dopamine-mediated copper uptake and one-electron reduction of aminochrome in a rat substantia nigra neuronal cell line. J Neurochem. 2001 Apr;77(2):519-29.

Copper sulfate (1 m M) alone was not toxic to RCSN-3 cells, but was when combined with dopamine or with dicoumarol (95% toxicity; p < 0.001) which inhibits DPNH and TPNH (DT)-diaphorase.
The regulation of catalase was different since all the treatments with CuSO (4) increased the expression of catalase mRNA.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
9166989 Napoli C, Triggiani M, Palumbo G, Condorelli M, Chiariello M, Ambrosio G: Glycosylation enhances oxygen radical-induced modifications and decreases acetylhydrolase activity of human low density lipoprotein. Basic Res Cardiol. 1997 Apr;92(2):96-105.


Parallel experiments were done in the presence of the superoxide radical scavenger superoxide dismutase (SOD; 330 U/ml), the hydrogen peroxide scavenger catalase (1000 U/ml), or the hydroxyl radical scavenger dimethylthiourea (10 mM) or dimethylsulfoxide (1 mM).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19665240 Wu TM, Hsu YT, Sung MS, Hsu YT, Lee TM: Expression of genes involved in redox homeostasis and antioxidant defense in a marine macroalga Ulva fasciata by excess copper. Aquat Toxicol. 2009 Oct 4;94(4):275-85. Epub 2009 Jul 19.


Phycologia 47, 346-360] were cloned and their expression was compared to superoxide dismutase (UfMnsod and UfFesod), ascorbate peroxidase (UfApx), glutathione reductase (UfGr), and catalase (UfCat).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
10049398 Park OK, Bauerle R: Metal-catalyzed oxidation of phenylalanine-sensitive 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate synthase from Escherichia coli: inactivation and destabilization by oxidation of active-site cysteines. J Bacteriol. 1999 Mar;181(5):1636-42.


Both anaerobiosis and the addition of catalase significantly reduced Cu2+-catalyzed inactivation.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
3528599 Sugiyama E, Iwata M, Yamashita N, Yoshikawa T, Maruyama M, Yano S: Immunosuppression by captopril in vitro: inhibition of human natural killer activity by copper-dependent generation of hydrogen peroxide. Jpn J Med. 1986 May;25(2):149-54.

However, in the presence of copper sulfate, captopril inhibited the NK activity in a dose-response fashion.
This decrease was also reversed in the presence of catalase.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19067015 Liu J, Lu X, Xie J, Chu Y, Sun C, Wang Q: Adsorption of lambda-cyhalothrin and cypermethrin on two typical Chinese soils as affected by copper. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2009 Jun;16(4):414-22. Epub 2008 Dec 6.

Repeated applications of bordeaux mixture (a blend of copper sulfate and calcium hydroxide) and pyrethroid (Pys) insecticides have led to elevated copper (Cu) and Pys concentrations in vineyard surface soils.
Our previous studies had indicated the combined effect of cypermethrin (CPM) and Cu on soil catalase activity.
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8717422 Lal S, Chithra P, Chandrakasan G: The possible relevance of autoxidative glycosylation in glucose mediated alterations of proteins: an in vitro study on myofibrillar proteins. Mol Cell Biochem. 1996 Jan 26;154(2):95-100.


Free radical scavengers like catalase, benzoic acid and mannitol were also effective in preventing glucose mediated alterations.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
14962827 Mao W, Qin F, Iwai C, Vulapalli R, Keng PC, Liang CS: Extracellular norepinephrine reduces neuronal uptake of norepinephrine by oxidative stress in PC12 cells. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2004 Jul;287(1):H29-39. Epub 2004 Feb 12.


In addition, the free-radical scavenger mannitol, and antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase, reduced oxidative stress and attenuated the reductions of NE uptake activity and NET protein produced by NE/Cu.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17893040 Gupte A, Mumper RJ: Copper chelation by D-penicillamine generates reactive oxygen species that are cytotoxic to human leukemia and breast cancer cells. Free Radic Biol Med. 2007 Nov 1;43(9):1271-8. Epub 2007 Jul 13.


Catalase was able to completely protect the cells, substantiating the involvement of H (2) O (2) in cancer cell cytotoxicity.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
9688559 Robinson S, Bevan R, Lunec J, Griffiths H: Chemiluminescence determination of hydroperoxides following radiolysis and photolysis of free amino acids. FEBS Lett. 1998 Jul 3;430(3):297-300.


Generation of hydrogen peroxide as a by-product of irradiation caused interference with chemiluminescence detection demonstrating the need for catalase addition.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
10930654 Paris-Palacios S, Biagianti-Risbourg S, Vernet G: Biochemical and (ultra) structural hepatic perturbations of Brachydanio rerio (Teleostei, Cyprinidae) exposed to two sublethal concentrations of copper sulfate. Aquat Toxicol. 2000 Aug 1;50(1-2):109-124.

Increase in hepatic protein content and of anti-oxidative defences (glutathione content, catalase and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities) indicated that the overall response of the liver was adaptative.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15303382 Kvietkauskaite R, Dringeliene A, Markevicius A, Siaurys A, Acaite J: Effect of low copper exposure on the antioxidant system and some immune parameters. Vet Hum Toxicol. 2004 Aug;46(4):169-72.

Low-level copper excess was produced in male BALB/c mice by oral supplementation of copper sulfate solution during a 19-w period.
Chronic copper impaired the liver antioxidant defense system by decreasing activities of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase and catalase to 14% and 11% respectively.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
3094197 Wallace KB: Nonenzymatic oxygen activation and stimulation of lipid peroxidation by doxorubicin-copper. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1986 Oct;86(1):69-79.


Inhibition by superoxide dismutase, catalase, and dimethyl urea implicates the involvement of assorted oxygen-free radicals in doxorubicin-copper stimulated lipid peroxidation.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19523602 Upadhyay RK, Panda SK: Copper-induced growth inhibition, oxidative stress and ultrastructural alterations in freshly grown water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes L.). C R Biol. 2009 Jul;332(7):623-32. Epub 2009 Apr 29.

The effects of increasing concentrations of copper on the growth, ultra-structure and on certain biochemical parameters of water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes L.) were investigated under controlled conditions in the nutrient solutions containing increased copper sulfate concentrations ranging from 0 to 100 microM.
The antioxidant enzymes, viz., peroxidase (POX, E.C.1.11.1.7), catalase (CAT, E.C.1.11.1.6) and superoxide dismutase (SOD, E.C.1.15.1.1) showed significant variation with the increase in lipid peroxidation.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15908724 Tsiskarishvili N: [Cuprum sulfate and vitix in the treatment of vitiligo in children] . Georgian Med News. 2005 Apr;(121):48-51.


The effect of this preparation is based on melon's extract rich in antioxidants (catalases and superoxide dismutase).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
9270070 Levay G, Ye Q, Bodell WJ: Formation of DNA adducts and oxidative base damage by copper mediated oxidation of dopamine and 6-hydroxydopamine. Exp Neurol. 1997 Aug;146(2):570-4.

We have investigated the formation of DNA adducts and oxidative base damage produced by copper sulfate activation of dopamine and 6-hydroxydopamine.
The use of specific chelators and catalase demonstrated that the reduction of Cu2+ to Cu1+ and the formation of a peroxide plays an important role in the activation of dopamine and 6-hydroxydopamine to form adducts and oxidative base damage.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8639607 Schultz JR, Ellerby LM, Gralla EB, Valentine JS, Clarke CF: Autoxidation of ubiquinol-6 is independent of superoxide dismutase. . Biochemistry. 1996 May 28;35(21):6595-603.


Addition of either SOD or catalase to Q6H2-containing liposomes had little effect on the rate of peroxidation even when incubated in 100% O2.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
2087007 Yamauchi T, Yamamoto I: CuSO4 as an inhibitor of B cell proliferation. Jpn J Pharmacol. 1990 Dec;54(4):455-60.


The suppressive effect of CuSO4 on the antibody production was reversed by 500 U/ml of catalase, but that on the LPS-induced proliferative response was not.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
9525278 Bodell WJ, Ye Q, Pathak DN, Pongracz K: Oxidation of eugenol to form DNA adducts and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine: role of quinone methide derivative in DNA adduct formation. Carcinogenesis. 1998 Mar;19(3):437-43.

Copper sulfate produced a 95-fold increase in the level of oxidative base damage, which was significantly inhibited by the addition of either bathocuproinedisulphonic acid or catalase.
81(1,1,1,1) Details
1898043 Chace KV, Carubelli R, Nordquist RE: The role of nonenzymatic glycosylation, transition metals, and free radicals in the formation of collagen aggregates. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1991 Aug 1;288(2):473-80.


The reaction is mediated by hydrogen peroxide and transition metals since it is inhibited by catalase and by the chelating agent diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17728190 Garcia Sampaio F, de Lima Boijink C, Tie Oba E, Romagueira Bichara dos Santos L, Lucia Kalinin A, Tadeu Rantin F: Antioxidant defenses and biochemical changes in pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) in response to single and combined copper and hypoxia exposure. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2008 Jan;147(1):43-51. Epub 2007 Aug 1.


The exposure to 0.4Cu increased the reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the liver, accompanied by increases in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and decreases in catalase (CAT) activity, showing the influence of copper in this protection.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
9199613 Mattsson C, Marklund SL, Hellstrom S: Application of oxygen free radical scavengers to diminish the occurrence of myringosclerosis. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1997 Jun;106(6):513-8.

The results showed that treatment with copper zinc-superoxide dismutase plus catalase and deferoxamine inhibited or reduced the development of myringosclerosis, whereas the ears treated with copper sulfate plus iron chloride appeared unaffected.
37(0,1,2,2) Details
11342285 Dincer A, Aydemir T: Purification and characterization of catalase from chard (Beta vulgaris var. cicla). J Enzyme Inhib. 2001;16(2):165-75.

9(0,0,0,9) Details
8702240 Samoszuk M, Nguyen V: In vitro and in vivo interactions of D-penicillamine with tumors. Anticancer Res. 1996 May-Jun;16(3A):1219-23.

To test this hypothesis, we first incubated murine J558L plasmacytoma cells with varying combinations of drug (PSH and/or copper sulfate) plus modulators (fetal calf serum, dithiothrietol, catalase, eosinophil peroxidase) and then used fluorescence microscopy to measure cell proliferation, necrosis, and apoptosis.
7(0,0,1,2) Details
8485631 Berman RS, Martin W: Arterial endothelial barrier dysfunction: actions of homocysteine and the hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase free radical generating system. Br J Pharmacol. 1993 Apr;108(4):920-6.


The increase in albumin transfer induced by hypoxanthine and xanthine oxidase was abolished by catalase (3 u ml-1), reduced by allopurinol (4 mM), but unaffected by superoxide dismutase (6000 u ml-1), the hydroxyl radical scavengers, mannitol (15 mM), dimethylthiourea (10 mM) and N-(2-mercaptopropionyl)-glycine (1 mM), the iron chelator, deferoxamine (0.5 mM), ferric chloride (50 microM), an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, NG-nitro-L-arginine (30 microM), or the antioxidant, dithiothreitol (3 mM). 4.
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16799863 Murakami K, Ishida K, Watakabe K, Tsubouchi R, Haneda M, Yoshino M: Prooxidant action of maltol: role of transition metals in the generation of reactive oxygen species and enhanced formation of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine formation in DNA. Biometals. 2006 Jun;19(3):253-7.


Oxidation of ascorbic acid by CuSO (4) was effectively stimulated by addition of maltol, and the enhanced oxidation rate was markedly inhibited by the addition of catalase and superoxide dismutase.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19344683 Yi ZC, Liu YZ, Li HX, Wang Z: Prooxidant action of chebulinic acid and tellimagrandin I: causing copper-dependent DNA strand breaks. Toxicol In Vitro. 2009 Apr;23(3):425-31. Epub 2009 Jan 22.


In addition, addition of Cu (I) reagent bathocuproinedisulfonic acid or catalase markedly inhibited the copper-dependent DNA strand breaks by both tannins.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17208380 Endo N, Nishiyama K, Okabe M, Matsumoto M, Kanouchi H, Oka T: Vitamin B6 suppresses apoptosis of NM-1 bovine endothelial cells induced by homocysteine and copper. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2007 Apr;1770(4):571-7. Epub 2006 Nov 30.


The treatment of catalase recovered cell viability and reduced the level of extracellular hydrogen peroxide and intracellular ROS.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12175101 Harada S, Sugiyama E, Taki H, Shinoda K, Fujita T, Maruyama M, Kobayashi M: D-penicillamine cooperates with copper sulfate to enhance the surface expression of functional Fas antigen in rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts via the generation of hydrogen peroxide. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2002 Jul-Aug;20(4):469-76.

The enhanced apoptosis and cell surface expression of Fas was completely prevented by catalase, indicating that hydrogen peroxide may be involved in these effects of DP and copper sulfate.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
16828944 Wu ZX, Gan NQ, Huang Q, Song LR: Response of microcystis to copper stress: do phenotypes of microcystis make a difference in stress tolerance?. Environ Pollut. 2007 May;147(2):324-30. Epub 2006 Jul 7.

Upon exposure to 0.25 mgl (-1) copper sulfate, the activities of antioxidative enzyme, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), were significantly increased in colonial Microcystis compared to unicellular Microcystis.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
19665166 El-Gendy KS, Radwan MA, Gad AF: In vivo evaluation of oxidative stress biomarkers in the land snail, Theba pisana exposed to copper-based pesticides. Chemosphere. 2009 Oct;77(3):339-44. Epub 2009 Aug 7.


Oxidative individual perturbations were assessed by measuring non-enzymatic (glutathione; GSH) and enzymatic (catalase; CAT, glutathione peroxidase; GPx and glutathione S-transferase; GST) antioxidants in digestive gland of the snails.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
1512757 Eguchi K, Kawakami A, Ida H, Nakashima M, Yamashita I, Sakai M, Shimada H, Terada K, Fukuda T, Ishimaru T, et al.: Bucillamine inhibits T cell adhesion to human endothelial cells. . J Rheumatol. 1992 Jul;19(7):1045-50.


Addition of copper sulfate to bucillamine decreased significantly the percent T cell adhesion to the EC compared with bucillamine alone.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
2463265 Matsubara T, Saura R, Hirohata K, Ziff M: Inhibition of human endothelial cell proliferation in vitro and neovascularization in vivo by D-penicillamine. J Clin Invest. 1989 Jan;83(1):158-67.


D-Pen, in the presence of copper sulfate, suppressed tritiated thymidine ([3H] TdR) incorporation into EC in a dose-dependent manner.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
17561779 Razinger J, Dermastia M, Drinovec L, Drobne D, Zrimec A, Koce JD: Antioxidative responses of duckweed (Lemna minor L.) to short-term copper exposure. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2007 May;14(3):194-201.


Glutathione concentration and enzymatic activities of catalase, guaiacol peroxidase and glutathione reductase were measured spectrophotometrically.
4(0,0,0,4) Details
15992939 Dewez D, Geoffroy L, Vernet G, Popovic R: Determination of photosynthetic and enzymatic biomarkers sensitivity used to evaluate toxic effects of copper and fludioxonil in alga Scenedesmus obliquus. Aquat Toxicol. 2005 Aug 30;74(2):150-9.


Under the same condition, enzymatic activities of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glutathione S-transferase were investigated to evaluate antioxidative response to fungicides effects.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
8223958 Torii Y, Mutoh M, Saito H, Matsuki N: Involvement of free radicals in cisplatin-induced emesis in Suncus murinus. Eur J Pharmacol. 1993 Aug 2;248(2):131-5.


However, MPG did not block the emesis induced by copper sulfate (40 mg/kg, p.o.), veratrine (0.5 mg/kg, s.c.) or serotonin (10 mg/kg, i.p.).
0(0,0,0,0) Details
7750791 Makrigiorgos GM, Bump E, Huang C, Baranowska-Kortylewicz J, Kassis AI: A fluorimetric method for the detection of copper-mediated hydroxyl free radicals in the immediate proximity of DNA. Free Radic Biol Med. 1995 Apr;18(4):669-78.


Following addition of copper sulfate (0-10 mumol dm-3), free radicals were generated by incubation with ascorbic acid (0-1 mmol dm-3) and hydrogen peroxide (0-1 mmol dm-3).
0(0,0,0,0) Details
3261590 Matsubara T, Hirohata K: Suppression of human fibroblast proliferation by D-penicillamine and copper sulfate in vitro. Arthritis Rheum. 1988 Aug;31(8):964-72.

0(0,0,0,0) Details
15836927 Qian Y, Zheng Y, Abraham L, Ramos KS, Tiffany-Castiglioni E: Differential profiles of copper-induced ROS generation in human neuroblastoma and astrocytoma cells. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 2005 Apr 4;134(2):323-32. Epub 2005 Jan 13.


Differences in Cu-induced ROS between two cell lines paralleled superoxide dismutase (SOD)-catalase expression as detected by Western blot analysis.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
3514679 Starkebaum G, Harlan JM: Endothelial cell injury due to copper-catalyzed hydrogen peroxide generation from homocysteine. J Clin Invest. 1986 Apr;77(4):1370-6.

The addition of catalase, however, decreased oxygen consumption by nearly one-half, which suggests that H2O2 was formed during the reaction.
Ceruloplasmin was also found to catalyze oxidation of homocysteine and generation of H2O2 in molar amounts equivalent to copper sulfate.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
9016830 Ossola JO, Groppa MD, Tomaro ML: Relationship between oxidative stress and heme oxygenase induction by copper sulfate. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1997 Jan 15;337(2):332-7.

To evaluate liver antioxidant enzymatic defenses, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities were determined.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
8202663 Akamatsu T, Matsubara T, Saegusa Y, Mizuno K: Inhibition of mitogen-induced response of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells by bucillamine, a new antirheumatic sulfhydryl drug. Rheumatol Int. 1994;13(5):197-201.


As sulfhydryl agents produce hydrogen peroxide in the presence of cupric ions, the effect of catalase on DP- and BC-induced inhibition of PBMC DNA synthesis was examined.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
1554379 Pelletier O, Hill I, Birnboim HC: Inhibition by superoxide dismutase-mimetic copper complexes of phorbol ester-induced respiratory burst in human granulocytes. Biochem Pharmacol. 1992 Mar 3;43(5):1061-6.

This inhibition was prevented by treatment with EDTA or catalase if added prior to starting the reaction.
Similar inhibitory effects were seen using copper sulfate.
1(0,0,0,1) Details