Protein Information

Name epidermal growth factor
Synonyms EGF; Epidermal growth factor; Pro epidermal growth factor; Pro epidermal growth factor precursor; URG; Urogastrone; epidermal growth factor (beta urogastrone); Epidermal growth factors…

Compound Information

Name cycloheximide
CAS

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
15801978 Shirk AJ, Kuver R: Epidermal growth factor mediates detachment from and invasion through collagen I and Matrigel in Capan-1 pancreatic cancer cells. BMC Gastroenterol. 2005 Mar 31;5:12.

The loss of adhesion was reversed by AG825, an inhibitor of erbB2 receptor signalling and by wortmannin, a PI3K inhibitor, but not by the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide.
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16113838 Kato S, Pinto M, Carvajal A, Espinoza N, Monso C, Bravo L, Villalon M, Cuello M, Quest AF, Suenaga A, Brosens JJ, Owen GI: Tissue factor is regulated by epidermal growth factor in normal and malignant human endometrial epithelial cells. Thromb Haemost. 2005 Aug;94(2):444-53.

However, the induction of TF was abrogated by cycloheximide as well as actinomycin-D, inhibitors or protein- and mRNA-synthesis, respectively, demonstrating that EGF mediates its effect through activation of the TF gene.
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19325558 Ivetac I, Gurung R, Hakim S, Horan KA, Sheffield DA, Binge LC, Majerus PW, Tiganis T, Mitchell CA: Regulation of PI (3) K/Akt signalling and cellular transformation by inositol polyphosphate 4-phosphatase-1. EMBO Rep. 2009 May;10(5):487-93. Epub 2009 Mar 27.


Epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulation resulted in increased Ser (473) and Thr (308)-Akt phosphorylation and activation of Akt-dependent signalling in (-/-) MEFs, relative to (+/+) MEFs.
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15640153 Pillinger MH, Marjanovic N, Kim SY, Scher JU, Izmirly P, Tolani S, Dinsell V, Lee YC, Blaser MJ, Abramson SB: Matrix metalloproteinase secretion by gastric epithelial cells is regulated by E prostaglandins and MAPKs. J Biol Chem. 2005 Mar 18;280(11):9973-9. Epub 2005 Jan 7.


Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta, and epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulated gastric cell MMP-1 secretion, indicating that MMP-1 secretion occurs in inflammatory as well as non-inflammatory situations.
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17115938 Tsugane M, Nagai Y, Kimura Y, Oka J, Kimura H: Differentiated astrocytes acquire sensitivity to hydrogen sulfide that is diminished by the transformation into reactive astrocytes. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2007 Feb;9(2):257-69.

In contrast, epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha), dibutyryl cyclic AMP (db cAMP) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) induced the conversion to reactive astrocytes with diminished sensitivity to NaHS.
This suppressive effect of EGF on the sensitivity to NaHS was inhibited by cycloheximide, indicating that de novo protein synthesis was required for the suppression of H2S sensitivity.
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18234969 Reznik TE, Sang Y, Ma Y, Abounader R, Rosen EM, Xia S, Laterra J: Transcription-dependent epidermal growth factor receptor activation by hepatocyte growth factor. Mol Cancer Res. 2008 Jan;6(1):139-50.

In a previous analysis of the HGF-induced transcriptome, we found that two EGFR agonists, transforming growth factor-alpha and heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF), are prominently up-regulated by HGF in human glioma cells.
Tyr (845) and Tyr (1068) phosphorylation, in response to HGF, was inhibited by cycloheximide and actinomycin D, consistent with a requirement for DNA transcription and RNA translation.
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20215718 Song HJ, Kang EJ, Kim MJ, Ock SA, Jeon BG, Lee SL, Rho GJ: Influence of Parthenogenetic Activation on Nuclear Maturation of Canine Oocytes. J Vet Med Sci. 2010 Mar 10.

Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were matured in TCM-199 supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, hormones, 0.57 mM cysteine, and 10 ng/ml epidermal growth factor for 72 hr at 38.5.
In Experiment 2, oocytes matured for 48 hr were parthenogenetically activated with 5 mum ionomycin for 5 min (Group 1) and followed by 10 mug/ml of cycloheximide for 3 hr (Group 2), or no treatment (Control).
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20351270 Rosenberger S, Arce JD, Langbein L, Steenbergen RD, Rosl F: Alternative splicing of human papillomavirus type-16 E6/E6* early mRNA is coupled to EGF signaling via Erk1/2 activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Mar 29.

Here we show that splicing of HPV16 E6/E7 ORF cassette is regulated by the epidermal growth factor (EGF) pathway.
Time-course experiments and incubation with cycloheximide demonstrated that E6 alternative splicing is a direct and reversible effect of EGF signal transduction, not depending on de novo protein synthesis.
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19684181 McEwen ST, Balus SF, Durand MJ, Lombard JH: Angiotensin II maintains cerebral vascular relaxation via EGF receptor transactivation and ERK1/2. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2009 Oct;297(4):H1296-303. Epub 2009 Aug 14.

In salt-fed rats, relaxation of MCA in response to these vasodilator stimuli was restored by chronic (3 days) intravenous infusion of either ANG II (5 ngxkg (-1) xmin (-1)) or epidermal growth factor (EGF; 2 microg/h).
The protective effect of ANG II infusion to restore vascular relaxation was eliminated by coinfusion of either the EGF receptor kinase inhibitor AG-1478 (20 microg/h), the ERK1/2 inhibitor PD-98059 (10 microg/h), or the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide (5 microg/h).
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19580379 Yang SN, Burch ML, Getachew R, Ballinger ML, Osman N, Little PJ: Growth factor-mediated hyper-elongation of glycosaminoglycan chains on biglycan requires transcription and translation. Arch Physiol Biochem. 2009 Jul;115(3):147-54.

To determine if the response involves specific signalling pathways or the process of GAG hyper-elongation we have also investigated the effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and thrombin.
We report that both actinomycin D and cycloheximide completely abolished the ability of PDGF to stimulate radiosulphate incorporation and GAG elongation into secreted proteoglycans, and to increase the size of xyloside GAGs.
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16543731 Heo JS, Han HJ: PKC and MAPKs pathways mediate EGF-induced stimulation of 2-deoxyglucose uptake in mouse embryonic stem cells. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2006;17(3-4):145-58. Epub 2006 Mar 14.

It has been reported that epidermal growth factor (EGF) and EGF receptor were highly expressed in embryo, suggesting that the EGF system is related to early embryo development in an autocrine and/or paracrine manner.
Actinomycin D and cycloheximide completely blocked the effect of EGF on 2-DG uptake.
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15805247 Cinar B, De Benedetti A, Freeman MR: Post-transcriptional regulation of the androgen receptor by Mammalian target of rapamycin. Cancer Res. 2005 Apr 1;65(7):2547-53.


Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF), an ErbB1 ligand and prostate stromal growth factor, is an antagonist of androgen receptor (AR) function.
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19289468 Kurada BR, Li LC, Mulherkar N, Subramanian M, Prasad KV, Prabhakar BS: MADD, a splice variant of IG20, is indispensable for MAPK activation and protection against apoptosis upon tumor necrosis factor-alpha treatment. J Biol Chem. 2009 May 15;284(20):13533-41. Epub 2009 Mar 16.


Abrogation of MADD expression rendered cells highly susceptible to TNFalpha-induced apoptosis in the absence of cycloheximide.
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16669788 Bhattacharya S, Ray RM, Johnson LR: Integrin beta3-mediated Src activation regulates apoptosis in IEC-6 cells via Akt and STAT3. Biochem J. 2006 Aug 1;397(3):437-47.


Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser inhibited beta3, Src and Akt phosphorylation and sensitized polyamine-depleted cells to tumour necrosis factor alpha/cycloheximide-mediated apoptosis.
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16492674 Berry FB, Mirzayans F, Walter MA: Regulation of FOXC1 stability and transcriptional activity by an epidermal growth factor-activated mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascade. J Biol Chem. 2006 Apr 14;281(15):10098-104. Epub 2006 Feb 21.

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18638274 Shao H, Yi XM, Wells A: Epidermal growth factor protects fibroblasts from apoptosis via PI3 kinase and Rac signaling pathways. Wound Repair Regen. 2008 Jul-Aug;16(4):551-8.

Interestingly, EGF prevention of apoptosis induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the face of cycloheximide blockade of protein translation occurs via a different set of pathways as the simultaneous inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase, Rac, and PI3K signaling did not eliminate EGF from rescuing fibroblasts in the face of this cytokine.
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