Protein Information

Name STAT1
Synonyms ISGF 3; STAT 1; STAT1; STAT91; Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1; Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 alpha/beta; Transcription factor ISGF 3; Transcription factor ISGF 3 components p91/p84…

Compound Information

Name cycloheximide
CAS

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
16581346 Tamai M, Kawakami A, Tanaka F, Miyashita T, Nakamura H, Iwanaga N, Izumi Y, Arima K, Aratake K, Huang M, Kamachi M, Ida H, Origuchi T, Eguchi K: Significant inhibition of TRAIL-mediated fibroblast-like synovial cell apoptosis by IFN-gamma through JAK/STAT pathway by translational regulation. J Lab Clin Med. 2006 Apr;147(4):182-90.

Janus kinase (JAK)-induced phosphorylation of STAT1/3/6, which acts at translational regulation, seemed to be crucial because chemical inhibition of JAK as well as cycloheximide (CHX) abolished both the phosphorylation of STAT1/3/6 and the IFN-gamma-induced inhibitory effect.
81(1,1,1,1) Details
17082634 Kato A, Truong-Tran AQ, Scott AL, Matsumoto K, Schleimer RP: Airway epithelial cells produce B cell-activating factor of TNF family by an IFN-beta-dependent mechanism. J Immunol. 2006 Nov 15;177(10):7164-72.

Induction of BAFF by dsRNA was dependent upon protein synthesis and IFN-alphabeta receptor-JAK-STAT signaling, as indicated by studies with cycloheximide, the JAK inhibitor I, and small interfering RNA against STAT1 and IFN-alphabeta receptor 2.
81(1,1,1,1) Details
16077199 Pajak B, Gajkowska B, Orzechowski A: Position of STAT-1 alpha in cycloheximide-dependent apoptosis triggered by TNF-alpha in human colorectal COLO 205 cancer cell line; role of polyphenolic compounds. J Physiol Pharmacol. 2005 Jun;56 Suppl 3:119-41.
33(0,1,1,3) Details
17182689 Mangino G, Percario ZA, Fiorucci G, Vaccari G, Manrique S, Romeo G, Federico M, Geyer M, Affabris E: In vitro treatment of human monocytes/macrophages with myristoylated recombinant Nef of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 leads to the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases, IkappaB kinases, and interferon regulatory factor 3 and to the release of beta interferon. J Virol. 2007 Mar;81(6):2777-91. Epub 2006 Dec 20.

Previously, we reported that Nef treatment of primary human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) induces a cycloheximide-independent activation of NF-kappaB and the synthesis and secretion of a set of chemokines/cytokines that activate STAT1 and STAT3.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
15728510 Molnarfi N, Hyka-Nouspikel N, Gruaz L, Dayer JM, Burger D: The production of IL-1 receptor antagonist in IFN-beta-stimulated human monocytes depends on the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase but not of STAT1. J Immunol. 2005 Mar 1;174(5):2974-80.

In this study, the role of PI3K, MEK1, and STAT1 in IFN-beta-induced sIL-1Ra production is investigated in freshly isolated human blood monocytes.
The use of cycloheximide and actinomycin D shows that sIL-1Ra was an immediate early gene induced by IFN-beta and that PI3K was controlling sIL-1Ra gene transcription.
4(0,0,0,4) Details
18678988 Tang Y, Matsuoka I, Ono T, Inoue K, Kimura J: Selective up-regulation of P2X4-receptor gene expression by interferon-gamma in vascular endothelial cells. J Pharmacol Sci. 2008 Aug;107(4):419-27. Epub 2008 Aug 2.

IFN-gamma stimulated phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT1).
IFN-gamma did not affect P2X4-receptor mRNA stability, but increased P2X4-receptor gene transcription in a cycloheximide-insensitive manner.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
18494554 Masuda K, Teshima-Kondo S, Mukaijo M, Yamagishi N, Nishikawa Y, Nishida K, Kawai T, Rokutan K: A novel tumor-promoting function residing in the 5' non-coding region of vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA. PLoS Med. 2008 May 20;5(5):e94.

The 5'UTR-mediated activity was not affected by a protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide.
Notably, expression of signal transducers and activators of transcription 1 (STAT1) was markedly repressed in the 5'UTR-expressing tumors, resulting in down-regulation of a STAT1-responsive cluster of genes (43 genes).
2(0,0,0,2) Details
15721283 Choi WH, Ji KA, Jeon SB, Yang MS, Kim H, Min KJ, Shong M, Jou I, Joe EH: Anti-inflammatory roles of retinoic acid in rat brain astrocytes: Suppression of interferon-gamma-induced JAK/STAT phosphorylation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005 Apr 1;329(1):125-31.

Both RA isoforms also reduced IFN-gamma-induced activation of signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) 1, STAT3, Janus kinase (JAK) 1, and JAK2.
Furthermore, the effect of pre-treated RA was abolished in the presence of cycloheximide, indicating a requirement for de novo protein synthesis.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15931461 Sadanari H, Yamada R, Ohnishi K, Matsubara K, Tanaka J: SUMO-1 modification of the major immediate-early (IE) 1 and 2 proteins of human cytomegalovirus is regulated by different mechanisms and modulates the intracellular localization of the IE1, but not IE2, protein. Arch Virol. 2005 Sep;150(9):1763-82. Epub 2005 Jun 3.

We have previously shown that two proteins with apparent molecular masses of 91- and 102-kDa (p91 and p102, respectively) in human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)-infected cells are antigenically and structurally related to the major immediate-early (IE) 1 and 2 proteins (IE1p68 and IE2p80, respectively) of HCMV, respectively.
In this study, we extended the characterization of p91 and p102 and our results were as follows; (i) Lysine at amino acid position 450 in IE1p68 and at amino acid position 175 or 180 in IE2p80, to which SUMO-1 has been shown to be covalently linked, are required for production of p91 and p102, respectively. (ii) A reversal of cycloheximide (CH) block in the presence of actinomycin D imposed at the time of infection inhibited production of p91, but not p102. (iii) The steady-state levels of p91, but not p102, were remarkably decreased by treatment with proteasome inhibitor MG132, but coincubation with CH inhibited this decrease of p91. (iv) Cell fractionation by differential detergent extraction demonstrated that p91 is preferentially found in detergent-insoluble fraction, although p102 as well as IE1p68 and IE2p80 distributes into all fractions.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17264307 Ratthe C, Pelletier M, Chiasson S, Girard D: Molecular mechanisms involved in interleukin-4-induced human neutrophils: expression and regulation of suppressor of cytokine signaling. J Leukoc Biol. 2007 May;81(5):1287-96. Epub 2007 Jan 30.

The effect of IL-4 on SOCS3 protein expression was increased markedly when the proteasome inhibitor MG132 was added to the cultures, but this was inhibited by cycloheximide, suggesting that SOCS3 is de novo-synthesized in response to IL-4.
We also demonstrated that IL-4 induced phosphorylation of Syk, p38, Erk-1/2, JNK, Jak-1, Jak-2, STAT6, and STAT1 and that treatment of cells with the inhibitors piceatannol, SB203580, PD98059, or AG490 reversed the ability of IL-4 to delay neutrophil apoptosis.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15937643 Yao Y, Kubota T, Sato K, Takeuchi H, Kitai R, Matsukawa S: Interferons upregulate thymidine phosphorylase expression via JAK-STAT-dependent transcriptional activation and mRNA stabilization in human glioblastoma cells. J Neurooncol. 2005 May;72(3):217-23.

IFN-induced TP mRNA accumulation was not inhibited by the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide, but was strongly blocked by the transcription inhibitor actinomycin D, as well as by transcription factor decoy oligodeoxynucleotides containing the putative IFN response element or the gamma-activated sequence in the TP promoter.
The Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor AG-490 blocked both IFN-induced STAT1 (signal transducers and activators of transcription 1) phosphorylation and TP expression.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17673207 Rahman M, Nara H, Onoda T, Araki A, Li J, Hoshino T, Asao H: Cloning and characterization of an isoform of interleukin-21. . FEBS Lett. 2007 Aug 21;581(21):4001-9. Epub 2007 Jul 25.

Furthermore IL-21 and IL-21iso similarly activated STAT1 and STAT3.
However, cycloheximide treatment partially blocked the upregulation of IL-21iso mRNA in activated T cells while little affected the IL-21 mRNA expression suggesting that de novo protein synthesis is required for the full expression of IL-21iso transcript.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15806306 Tanaka F, Kawakami A, Tamai M, Nakamura H, Iwanaga N, Izumi Y, Arima K, Aratake K, Huang M, Kamachi M, Ida H, Origuchi T, Eguchi K: IFN-gamma/JAK/STAT pathway-induced inhibition of DR4 and DR5 expression on endothelial cells is cancelled by cycloheximide-sensitive mechanism: novel finding of cycloheximide-regulating death receptor expression. Int J Mol Med. 2005 May;15(5):833-9.

Janus kinase (JAK)-induced phosphorylation of STAT1/6 appeared to be crucial since chemical inhibition of JAK abolished phosphorylation of STAT1/6, down-regulation of DR4/DR5 expression and IFN-gamma-induced inhibition of TRAIL-mediated apoptosis.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16136269 Danforth DN, Zhu Y: Conversion of Fas-resistant to Fas-sensitive MCF-7 breast cancer cells by the synergistic interaction of interferon-gamma and all-trans retinoic acid. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2005 Nov;94(1):81-91.


FasR-induced cells were resistant to stimulation of apoptosis by anti-FasR antibody, however treatment with cycloheximide rendered these cells sensitive to antibody-induced apoptosis, suggesting endogenous blockade to signaling.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
15919906 Ousman SS, Wang J, Campbell IL: Differential regulation of interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-7 and IRF-9 gene expression in the central nervous system during viral infection. J Virol. 2005 Jun;79(12):7514-27.


The stimulation of IRF-7 gene expression by IFN-alpha in glial cell culture was prevented by cycloheximide.
0(0,0,0,0) Details