Protein Information

Name TRAIL
Synonyms APO2L; Apo 2 ligand; Apo 2L; CD253; CD253 antigen; Protein TRAIL; TL2; TNF related apoptosis inducing ligand…

Compound Information

Name cycloheximide
CAS

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
15844877 Jaganathan J, Petit JH, Lazio BE, Singh SK, Chin LS: Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-mediated apoptosis in established and primary glioma cell lines. Neurosurg Focus. 2002 Sep 15;13(3):ecp1.

The A172 cells, by contrast, were susceptible only with cycloheximide, whereas U373MG cells were not susceptible to TRAIL.
OBJECT: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a member of the TNF cytokine family, which mediates programmed cell death (apoptosis) selectively in tumor cells.
10(0,0,0,10) Details
16546965 Lane D, Cote M, Grondin R, Couture MC, Piche A: Acquired resistance to TRAIL-induced apoptosis in human ovarian cancer cells is conferred by increased turnover of mature caspase-3. Mol Cancer Ther. 2006 Mar;5(3):509-21.

Pretreatment with cycloheximide showed that active caspase-3 fragments have a high turnover rate in OVCAR3 R350 cells.
8(0,0,0,8) Details
16036110 Zhang L, Zhu H, Teraishi F, Davis JJ, Guo W, Fan Z, Fang B: Accelerated degradation of caspase-8 protein correlates with TRAIL resistance in a DLD1 human colon cancer cell line. Neoplasia. 2005 Jun;7(6):594-602.

10(0,0,0,10) Details
18362888 Jeon YJ, Kim IK, Hong SH, Nan H, Kim HJ, Lee HJ, Masuda ES, Meyuhas O, Oh BH, Jung YK: Ribosomal protein S6 is a selective mediator of TRAIL-apoptotic signaling. Oncogene. 2008 Jul 17;27(31):4344-52. Epub 2008 Mar 24.

Reduction of rpS6 expression in Jurkat and HeLa cells attenuated apoptosis induced by TRAIL, but not those by other cell death signals, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha and cycloheximide, etoposide, doxorubicin, tunicamycin and staurosporine.
6(0,0,0,6) Details
19457567 Jiang JX, Mikami K, Venugopal S, Li Y, Torok NJ: Apoptotic body engulfment by hepatic stellate cells promotes their survival by the JAK/STAT and Akt/NF-kappaB-dependent pathways. J Hepatol. 2009 Jul;51(1):139-48. Epub 2009 May 3.

RESULTS: Phagocytosing HSC were resistant to FasL/cycloheximide or TRAIL-induced apoptosis.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
19214542 Capper D, Gaiser T, Hartmann C, Habel A, Mueller W, Herold-Mende C, von Deimling A, Siegelin MD: Stem-cell-like glioma cells are resistant to TRAIL/Apo2L and exhibit down-regulation of caspase-8 by promoter methylation. Acta Neuropathol. 2009 Apr;117(4):445-56. Epub 2009 Feb 12.

5(0,0,0,5) Details
15637055 Weng C, Li Y, Xu D, Shi Y, Tang H: Specific cleavage of Mcl-1 by caspase-3 in tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis in Jurkat leukemia T cells. J Biol Chem. 2005 Mar 18;280(11):10491-500. Epub 2005 Jan 6.

In sharp contrast to cycloheximide-induced Mcl-1 dilapidation, TRAIL did not activate proteasomal degradation of Mcl-1 in Jurkat cells.
5(0,0,0,5) Details
17453339 Guseva NV, Rokhlin OW, Taghiyev AF, Cohen MB: Unique resistance of breast carcinoma cell line T47D to TRAIL but not anti-Fas is linked to p43cFLIP (L). Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2008 Feb;107(3):349-57. Epub 2007 Apr 24.


The majority of breast cancer cell lines are resistant to tumor necrosis factor -related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) induced apoptosis.
5(0,0,0,5) Details
17051329 McKee CM, Ye Y, Richburg JH: Testicular germ cell sensitivity to TRAIL-induced apoptosis is dependent upon p53 expression and is synergistically enhanced by DR5 agonistic antibody treatment. Apoptosis. 2006 Dec;11(12):2237-50.

4(0,0,0,4) Details
15608694 Inoue S, MacFarlane M, Harper N, Wheat LM, Dyer MJ, Cohen GM: Histone deacetylase inhibitors potentiate TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis in lymphoid malignancies. Cell Death Differ. 2004 Dec;11 Suppl 2:S193-206.

5(0,0,0,5) Details
18347988 Doubravska L, Simova S, Cermak L, Valenta T, Korinek V, Andera L: Wnt-expressing rat embryonic fibroblasts suppress Apo2L/TRAIL-induced apoptosis of human leukemia cells. Apoptosis. 2008 Apr;13(4):573-87. Epub 2008 Mar 18.

4(0,0,0,4) Details
17545621 Ivanov VN, Zhou H, Hei TK: Sequential treatment by ionizing radiation and sodium arsenite dramatically accelerates TRAIL-mediated apoptosis of human melanoma cells. Cancer Res. 2007 Jun 1;67(11):5397-407.

4(0,0,0,4) Details
17583676 Kamachi M, Aramaki T, Tanimura S, Ichinose K, Fujikawa K, Iwamoto N, Yoshizaki A, Ida H, Kawakami A, Kohno M, Eguchi K: Activation of protein phosphatase causes alternative splicing of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL): potential effect on immune surveillance. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2007 Aug 17;360(1):280-5. Epub 2007 Jun 15.

Etoposide and cycloheximide induced alternative splicing, whereas staurosporine (a broad kinase inhibitor) blocked both constitutive and alternative splicing.
4(0,0,0,4) Details
15653751 Bosque A, Pardo J, Martinez-Lorenzo MJ, Iturralde M, Marzo I, Pineiro A, Alava MA, Naval J, Anel A: Down-regulation of normal human T cell blast activation: roles of APO2L/TRAIL, FasL, and c- FLIP, Bim, or Bcl-x isoform expression. J Leukoc Biol. 2005 Apr;77(4):568-78. Epub 2005 Jan 14.

Cell death was only observed in the presence of cycloheximide or after a pulse through CD3 or CD59, correlating with a net reduction in cellular Fas-associated death domain-like IL-1beta-converting enzyme-inhibitory protein long (c-FLIPL) and c-FLIPS expression.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
16931628 Fas SC, Baumann S, Zhu JY, Giaisi M, Treiber MK, Mahlknecht U, Krammer PH, Li-Weber M: Wogonin sensitizes resistant malignant cells to TNFalpha- and TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Blood. 2006 Dec 1;108(12):3700-6. Epub 2006 Aug 24.

To overcome this problem in vitro, specific NF-kappaB inhibitors or transcription or protein synthesis inhibitors such as actinomycin D and cycloheximide are usually used in combination to increase TNFalpha killing of tumor cells.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
16581346 Tamai M, Kawakami A, Tanaka F, Miyashita T, Nakamura H, Iwanaga N, Izumi Y, Arima K, Aratake K, Huang M, Kamachi M, Ida H, Origuchi T, Eguchi K: Significant inhibition of TRAIL-mediated fibroblast-like synovial cell apoptosis by IFN-gamma through JAK/STAT pathway by translational regulation. J Lab Clin Med. 2006 Apr;147(4):182-90.

Janus kinase (JAK)-induced phosphorylation of STAT1/3/6, which acts at translational regulation, seemed to be crucial because chemical inhibition of JAK as well as cycloheximide (CHX) abolished both the phosphorylation of STAT1/3/6 and the IFN-gamma-induced inhibitory effect.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
16940541 Sedger LM, Osvath SR, Xu XM, Li G, Chan FK, Barrett JW, McFadden G: Poxvirus tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-like T2 proteins contain a conserved preligand assembly domain that inhibits cellular TNFR1-induced cell death. J Virol. 2006 Sep;80(18):9300-9.

Jurkat cell lines constitutively expressing M-T2 were generated and shown to be resistant to UV irradiation-, etoposide-, and cycloheximide-induced death.
In cellular TNFRs and TNF-alpha-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) receptors (TRAILRs), PLAD controls receptor signaling competency prior to ligand binding.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18511708 Wilson SM, Barbone D, Yang TM, Jablons DM, Bueno R, Sugarbaker DJ, Nishimura SL, Gordon GJ, Broaddus VC: mTOR mediates survival signals in malignant mesothelioma grown as tumor fragment spheroids. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2008 Nov;39(5):576-83. Epub 2008 May 29.


Mesothelioma cells within the tumor spheroids exhibited striking resistance to apoptotic agents such as TRAIL plus gemcitabine that were highly effective against monolayers.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17501665 Lambert C, Oury C, Dejardin E, Chariot A, Piette J, Malaise M, Merville MP, Franchimont N: Further insights in the mechanisms of interleukin-1beta stimulation of osteoprotegerin in osteoblast-like cells. J Bone Miner Res. 2007 Sep;22(9):1350-61.

Post-transcriptional effects were examined by using cycloheximide and actinomycin D.
We also examined whether OPG production in response to IL-1beta influences TRAIL-induced apoptosis in MG-63 cells.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15928597 Pajak B, Orzechowski A: [FLIP--an enemy which might lose the battle against the specific inhibitors of translation]. Postepy Hig Med Dosw. 2005;59:140-9.

In in vitro studies, such activity is exerted by cycloheximide or bisindolylmaleimide, either of which, at a low, non-toxic concentration, totally abrogates FLIP protein expression or, in turn, sensitizes cancer cells to death ligands.
Particular interest has been focused on the mechanisms that protect neoplastic cells from deletion by the cytotoxic effects induced by death ligands (TNF-alpha, CD95/APO-1/FasL, TRAIL).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16003319 Mori T, Doi R, Toyoda E, Koizumi M, Ito D, Kami K, Kida A, Masui T, Kawaguchi Y, Fujimoto K: Regulation of the resistance to TRAIL-induced apoptosis as a new strategy for pancreatic cancer. Surgery. 2005 Jul;138(1):71-7.

Combined treatment with cycloheximide and TRAIL induced cleaved forms of caspases and simultaneously restored the sensitivity to TRAIL-induced apoptosis in the resistant cells.
158(1,3,4,13) Details
17938269 Abayasiriwardana KS, Barbone D, Kim KU, Vivo C, Lee KK, Dansen TB, Hunt AE, Evan GI, Broaddus VC: Malignant mesothelioma cells are rapidly sensitized to TRAIL-induced apoptosis by low-dose anisomycin via Bim. Mol Cancer Ther. 2007 Oct;6(10):2766-76.

We previously showed that resistant malignant mesothelioma cells are sensitized to TRAIL-induced apoptosis by diverse toxic insults including chemotherapy, irradiation, or protein translation inhibitors such as cycloheximide.
37(0,1,1,7) Details
16123394 Kim KU, Wilson SM, Abayasiriwardana KS, Collins R, Fjellbirkeland L, Xu Z, Jablons DM, Nishimura SL, Broaddus VC: A novel in vitro model of human mesothelioma for studying tumor biology and apoptotic resistance. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2005 Dec;33(6):541-8. Epub 2005 Aug 25.

To determine responses to treatment, we treated tumor fragment spheroids grown from three separate tumors with agents, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) plus cycloheximide, that induced near total apoptosis in three human mesothelioma cell lines (M28, REN, MS-1) grown as monolayers (94 +/- 6% apoptosis; mean +/- SEM).
37(0,1,2,2) Details
15586230 Vigneswaran N, Wu J, Nagaraj N, Adler-Storthz K, Zacharias W: Differential susceptibility of metastatic and primary oral cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Int J Oncol. 2005 Jan;26(1):103-12.

The protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide markedly increased the TRAIL sensitivity of these cell lines, whereas the CB-specific chemical inhibitor CA-074 markedly reduced the sensitivity of primary OC cells to TRAIL.
91(1,1,1,11) Details
18202809 Hofmanova J, Vaculova A, Hyzd'alova M, Kozubik A: Response of normal and colon cancer epithelial cells to TNF-family apoptotic inducers. Oncol Rep. 2008 Feb;19(2):567-73.

Two different approaches were used to sensitize the cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis: inhibition of protein synthesis (cycloheximide, CHX) and inhibition of the pro-survival MEK/ERK pathway (U0126).
84(1,1,1,4) Details
15614529 Brooks AD, Sayers TJ: Reduction of the antiapoptotic protein cFLIP enhances the susceptibility of human renal cancer cells to TRAIL apoptosis. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2005 May;54(5):499-505. Epub 2004 Dec 22.

Therefore, cycloheximide treatment resulted in an increase in the pro-caspase-8 to cFLIP ratio, which correlated with sensitization to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis.
34(0,1,1,4) Details
15806306 Tanaka F, Kawakami A, Tamai M, Nakamura H, Iwanaga N, Izumi Y, Arima K, Aratake K, Huang M, Kamachi M, Ida H, Origuchi T, Eguchi K: IFN-gamma/JAK/STAT pathway-induced inhibition of DR4 and DR5 expression on endothelial cells is cancelled by cycloheximide-sensitive mechanism: novel finding of cycloheximide-regulating death receptor expression. Int J Mol Med. 2005 May;15(5):833-9.

IFN-gamma/JAK/STAT-induced suppression was regulated by cycloheximide (CHX)-sensitive mechanism since the use of CHX mimicked the action of chemical inhibition of JAK in regard to DR4/DR5 expression as well as TRAIL-mediated endothelial cell apoptosis.
34(0,1,1,4) Details
18522940 Hellwig CT, Kohler BF, Lehtivarjo AK, Dussmann H, Courtney MJ, Prehn JH, Rehm M: Real time analysis of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand/cycloheximide-induced caspase activities during apoptosis initiation. J Biol Chem. 2008 Aug 1;283(31):21676-85. Epub 2008 Jun 3.

Caspase-8 on average was activated 45-600 min after TRAIL/cycloheximide addition.
33(0,1,1,3) Details
18065493 Locklin RM, Federici E, Espina B, Hulley PA, Russell RG, Edwards CM: Selective targeting of death receptor 5 circumvents resistance of MG-63 osteosarcoma cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Mol Cancer Ther. 2007 Dec;6(12 Pt 1):3219-28. Epub 2007 Dec 7.

We show that TRAIL activates the canonical caspase-dependent pathway, whereas treatment with cycloheximide increases the sensitivity of MG-63 cells to TRAIL and anti-DR5 and can also sensitize hPOB-tert cells to both agents.
35(0,1,1,5) Details
17097066 Lee TJ, Lee JT, Park JW, Kwon TK: Acquired TRAIL resistance in human breast cancer cells are caused by the sustained cFLIP (L) and XIAP protein levels and ERK activation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2006 Dec 29;351(4):1024-30. Epub 2006 Nov 7.

The selected TRAIL-resistant cells were cross-resistant to TNF-alpha/cycloheximide but remained sensitive to DNA-damage drugs such as oxaliplatin and etoposide.
12(0,0,1,7) Details