Protein Information

Name ubiquitin
Synonyms HMG20; RPS27A; UBA80; UBCEP 1; UBCEP1; UBA52; UBCEP 2; UBCEP2…

Compound Information

Name paraquat
CAS 1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
17934957 Yang W, Tiffany-Castiglioni E: The bipyridyl herbicide paraquat induces proteasome dysfunction in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2007 Nov;70(21):1849-57.

Furthermore, levels of alpha-synuclein and ubiquitin-conjugated proteins were measured to test whether paraquat induces protein accumulation in SY5Y cells.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
18715146 Ethell DW, Fei Q: Parkinson-linked genes and toxins that affect neuronal cell death through the Bcl-2 family. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2009 Mar;11(3):529-40.

Oxidative stress induced by the neurotoxins MPTP, paraquat, maneb, and rotenone causes lipid peroxidation and protein misfolding that affects cell death through members of the Bcl-2 family.
Of the familial mutations identified thus far, two of the loci encode proteins associated with ubiquitin-proteasome degradation of misfolded proteins (Parkin and Uch-L1), and two encode proteins associated with mitochondria and oxidative stress (DJ-1 and PINK1).
2(0,0,0,2) Details
14636994 Okamoto OK, Hastings JW: Genome-wide analysis of redox-regulated genes in a dinoflagellate. Gene. 2003 Dec 4;321:73-81.

In this study, the effects of 1 mM sodium nitrite, a reactive nitrogen species (RNS) generator, and 0.5 mM paraquat, which produces reactive oxygen species (ROS), on gene expression in the marine dinoflagellate species Pyrocystis lunula were investigated using microarrays containing 3500 complementary DNAs (cDNAs).
The genes involved include one that encodes a transcription factor unique to dinoflagellates (HPl), and genes encoding proteins similar to those regulating developmental processes in plants and animals such as NYD-SP5, shaggy and calcium-dependent kinases, the COP9 signalosome complex, ubiquitin-related proteases and a metacaspase.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17298174 Li Z, Dong T, Proschel C, Noble M: Chemically diverse toxicants converge on Fyn and c-Cbl to disrupt precursor cell function. PLoS Biol. 2007 Feb;5(2):e35.

Relatively small toxicant-induced increases in oxidative status are associated with Fyn kinase activation, leading to secondary activation of the c-Cbl ubiquitin ligase.
Sequential Fyn and c-Cbl activation, with consequent pathway-specific suppression of RTK signaling, is induced by levels of methylmercury and lead that affect large segments of the population, as well as by paraquat, an organic herbicide.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18725537 Medicherla B, Goldberg AL: Heat shock and oxygen radicals stimulate ubiquitin-dependent degradation mainly of newly synthesized proteins. J Cell Biol. 2008 Aug 25;182(4):663-73.

To understand how cells handle postsynthetically damaged proteins, we studied in Saccharomyces cerevisiae the effects on overall protein degradation of shifting from 30 to 38 degrees C, exposure to reactive oxygen species generators (paraquat or cadmium), or lack of superoxide dismutases.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
18053776 Astin JW, O'Neil NJ, Kuwabara PE: Nucleotide excision repair and the degradation of RNA pol II by the Caenorhabditis elegans XPA and Rsp5 orthologues, RAD-3 and WWP-1. DNA Repair. 2008 Feb 1;7(2):267-80. Epub 2007 Nov 28.


We show that the loss of transcriptional competence in UV irradiated xpa-1 mutants is associated with the degradation of the large RNA polymerase II (RNA pol II) subunit, AMA-1, and have identified WWP-1 as the putative E3 ubiquitin ligase mediating this process.
1(0,0,0,1) Details