Protein Information

Name thioredoxin reductase
Synonyms ACR 1; PLP; ACR1; AOEB166; Alu corepressor 1; Antioxidant enzyme B166; B166; Liver tissue 2D page spot 71B…

Compound Information

Name paraquat
CAS 1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
20345759 Sun HN, Kim SU, Huang SM, Kim JM, Park YH, Kim SH, Yang HY, Chung KJ, Lee TH, Choi HS, Min JS, Park MK, Kim SK, Lee SR, Chang KT, Lee SH, Yu DY, Lee DS: Microglial peroxiredoxin V acts as an inducible anti-inflammatory antioxidant through cooperation with redox signaling cascades. J Neurochem. 2010 Mar 20.

Unlike in stimulation of oxidative insults with paraquat and hydrogen peroxide, Prx V expression is highly sensitive to LPS-stimulation in microglia.
9(0,0,1,4) Details
19128239 Radyuk SN, Michalak K, Klichko VI, Benes J, Rebrin I, Sohal RS, Orr WC: Peroxiredoxin 5 confers protection against oxidative stress and apoptosis and also promotes longevity in Drosophila. Biochem J. 2009 Apr 15;419(2):437-45.

TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling) analysis revealed that the dprx5 (-/-) null mutant had discernible tissue-specific apoptotic patterns, similar to those observed in control flies exposed to paraquat.
5(0,0,0,5) Details
12715897 Missirlis F, Rahlfs S, Dimopoulos N, Bauer H, Becker K, Hilliker A, Phillips JP, Jackle H: A putative glutathione peroxidase of Drosophila encodes a thioredoxin peroxidase that provides resistance against oxidative stress but fails to complement a lack of catalase activity. Biol Chem. 2003 Mar;384(3):463-72.


Cellular defense systems against reactive oxygen species (ROS) include thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and glutathione reductase (GR).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
11673642 Zhang JS, Gao XY, Zhang LD, Bao YP: Biological effects of a nano red elemental selenium. . Biofactors. 2001;15(1):27-38.


Nano-Se and selenite are similarly cell growth inhibited and stimulated synthesis of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx) and thioredoxin reductase (TR).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16328792 Keryer E, Collin V, Lavergne D, Lemaire S, Issakidis-Bourguet E: Characterization of Arabidopsis Mutants for the Variable Subunit of Ferredoxin:thioredoxin Reductase. Photosynth Res. 2004;79(3):265-74.

The ferredoxin/thioredoxin reductase (FTR) is the key enzyme of a light dependent redox regulatory system controlling enzyme activities in oxygenic photosynthetic cells.
Disruptants were found significantly more sensitive to oxidative stress as imposed under high light or in the presence of paraquat.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12663510 Zhang J, Svehlikova V, Bao Y, Howie AF, Beckett GJ, Williamson G: Synergy between sulforaphane and selenium in the induction of thioredoxin reductase 1 requires both transcriptional and translational modulation. Carcinogenesis. 2003 Mar;24(3):497-503.

Thioredoxin reductases (TrxRs) catalyse the NADPH-dependent reduction of thioredoxin and play an important role in multiple cellular events related to carcinogenesis including cell proliferation, apoptosis and cell signaling.
The combination of sulforaphane and Se also efficiently protected HepG2 cells from paraquat-induced cell death, whereas sulforaphane-only and Se-only treatments showed very little if any protective effect.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15618175 Wang G, Olczak AA, Walton JP, Maier RJ: Contribution of the Helicobacter pylori thiol peroxidase bacterioferritin comigratory protein to oxidative stress resistance and host colonization. Infect Immun. 2005 Jan;73(1):378-84.

Compared to the parent strain and the ahpC mutant strain, the bcp mutant showed moderate sensitivity to the superoxide-generating agent paraquat and to organic hydroperoxides.
Purified BCP was shown to be a thiol peroxidase that depends on the reducing activity of thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17055214 Takizawa M, Komori K, Tampo Y, Yonaha M: Paraquat-induced oxidative stress and dysfunction of cellular redox systems including antioxidative defense enzymes glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase. Toxicol In Vitro. 2007 Apr;21(3):355-63. Epub 2006 Sep 14.

Taken together, the results suggest that the reduced regenerative ability of oxidatively damaged proteins including GAPDH due to the inactivation of thioredoxin reductase and glutathione peroxidase by paraquat may contribute to increasing oxidative stress, leading to cell death.
125(1,2,4,5) Details
12782306 Tien Nguyen-nhu N, Knoops B: Mitochondrial and cytosolic expression of human peroxiredoxin 5 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae protect yeast cells from oxidative stress induced by paraquat. FEBS Lett. 2003 Jun 5;544(1-3):148-52.
19(0,0,3,4) Details
17229725 Gray JP, Heck DE, Mishin V, Smith PJ, Hong JY, Thiruchelvam M, Cory-Slechta DA, Laskin DL, Laskin JD: Paraquat increases cyanide-insensitive respiration in murine lung epithelial cells by activating an NAD (P) H:paraquat oxidoreductase: identification of the enzyme as thioredoxin reductase. J Biol Chem. 2007 Mar 16;282(11):7939-49. Epub 2007 Jan 17.
13(0,0,2,3) Details