| Name | cytochrome c |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | CYC; CYCS; Cytochrome C; HCS; Cytochrome Cs |
| Name | paraquat |
|---|---|
| CAS | 1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium |
| PubMed | Abstract | RScore(About this table) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 15998352 | Dudka J, Jodynis-Liebert J, Korobowicz E, Burdan F, Korobowicz A, Szumilo J, Tokarska E, Klepacz R, Murias M: Activity of -cytochrome P-450 reductase of the human heart, liver and lungs in the presence of (-)- and an in vitro study. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2005 Aug;97(2):74-9. The enzyme is also involved in the toxicity of some clinically important antitumour drugs (doxorubicin) and pesticides (paraquat). The activity of the enzyme was determined spectrophotometrically by measurement of the rate of cytochrome c reduction at 550 nm, in vitro, using human heart, liver and lung microsomes. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 11413228 | Ciriolo MR, Aquilano K, De Martino A, Carri MT, Rotilio G: Differential role of and in S-nitrosoglutathione-mediated apoptosis: a rationale for mild forms of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis associated with less active Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase mutants. J Neurochem. 2001 Jun;77(6):1433-43. Cytochrome c release from mitochondria, caspase 3 activation, p53 up-regulation, p21 cleavage and Bcl-2 modulation, all involved in the apoptotic process, were significantly less altered with respect to untransfected cells. On the other hand, H46R cells were as sensitive as SH-SY5Y cells to puromycin-induced apoptosis; furthermore, they were more susceptible to apoptosis elicited by the -generating drug paraquat and to cell necrosis provoked by t-butyl hydroperoxide. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 15157803 | Gonzalez-Polo RA, Rodriguez-Martin A, Moran JM, Niso M, Soler G, Fuentes JM: Paraquat-induced apoptotic cell death in cerebellar granule cells. Brain Res. 2004 Jun 18;1011(2):170-6. Exposure of cerebellar granule cells to relatively low concentrations of paraquat (5 microM) produces apoptotic cell death with a reduction in mitochondrial cytochrome c content, proteolytic activation and caspase-3 activity increase and DNA fragmentation. |
112(1,2,2,2) | Details |
| 18253895 | Yang W, Tiffany-Castiglioni E: Paraquat-induced apoptosis in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells: involvement of p53 and mitochondria. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2008;71(4):289-99. The decrease of mitochondrial functions, the release of cytochrome c, the increase of caspase 9 and 3 activities, and DNA damage that were produced by paraquat were inhibited by a specific p53 inhibitor, pifithrin-alpha. |
37(0,1,2,2) | Details |
| 17127363 | Gomez C, Bandez MJ, Navarro A: Pesticides and impairment of mitochondrial function in relation with the parkinsonian syndrome. Front Biosci. 2007 Jan 1;12:1079-93. The determination of -cytochrome c reductase, -cytochrome c reductase and cytochrome oxidase activities in rat brain submitochondrial showed again the selective inhibition of Complex I by rotenone and pyridaben, whereas paraquat produced a non-selective inhibition affecting all the respiratory chain complexes. |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 10705509 | Hirano T, Hirobe M, Kobayashi K, Odani A, Yamauchi O, Ohsawa M, Satow Y, Nagano T: Mechanism of superoxide dismutase-like activity of Fe (II) and Fe (III) complexes of tetrakis-N,N,N',N'(2-pyridylmethyl) ethylenediamine. Chem Pharm Bull. 2000 Feb;48(2):223-30. Chem., 264, 9243-9249 (1989)), we reported that this complex has a potent SOD activity in a cyt. c (cytochrome c)-based system (IC50 = 0.8 microM) and protects E. coli cells against paraquat toxicity. |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 17962470 | Chucair AJ, Rotstein NP, Sangiovanni JP, During A, Chew EY, Politi LE: and protect photoreceptors from apoptosis induced by oxidative stress: relation with Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2007 Nov;48(11):5168-77. METHODS: Pure rat retinal neurons in culture, supplemented with LUT, ZEA, or BC, with or without DHA, were subjected to oxidative stress induced with paraquat and peroxide. Apoptosis, preservation of mitochondrial membrane potential, cytochrome c translocation, and opsin expression were evaluated. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 12297371 | Petushok N, Gabryelak T, Palecz D, Zavodnik L, Szollosi Varga I, Deer KA: Comparative study of the xenobiotic metabolising system in the digestive gland of the bivalve molluscs in different aquatic ecosystems and in aquaria experiments. Aquat Toxicol. 2002 Nov 13;61(1-2):65-72. Mussels collected from Suszek were also treated (72 h) with various concentrations of dichlorophenol (DCP; 0.1, 0.15, 0.2 ppm) and paraquat (PQ; 1, 5, 10 ppm) in laboratory conditions (aquarium). The activities of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase system (NAD (P) H ferricyanide reductase, NAD (P) H cytochrome c reductase), cytochrome P450 content and b (5) in microsomal and cytosolic fractions of digestive gland were investigated. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 19797232 | Abrahan CE, Miranda GE, Agnolazza DL, Politi LE, Rotstein NP: Synthesis of is essential for oxidative stress-induced apoptosis of photoreceptors. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010 Feb;51(2):1171-80. Epub 2009 Sep 24. METHODS: Rat retina neurons were incubated with [(3) H] and treated with the oxidant paraquat (PQ) to evaluate Sph synthesis. Apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane polarization, cytochrome c localization, and reactive species (ROS) production were determined. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 18179591 | Bueno E, Bedmar EJ, Richardson DJ, Delgado MJ: Role of Bradyrhizobium japonicum cytochrome c550 in and respiration. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2008 Feb;279(2):188-94. Epub 2008 Jan 2. Bradyrhizobium japonicum cytochrome c (550), encoded by cycA, has been previously suggested to play a role in denitrification, the respiratory reduction of to dinitrogen. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 17561093 | Dinis-Oliveira RJ, Sousa C, Remiao F, Duarte JA, Ferreira R, Sanchez Navarro A, Bastos ML, Carvalho F: prevents paraquat-induced apoptosis in the rat lung. . Free Radic Biol Med. 2007 Jul 1;43(1):48-61. Epub 2007 Mar 24. A marked mitochondrial dysfunction evidenced by cytochrome c (Cyt c) release was also observed as a consequence of PQ exposure. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 16497721 | Ravikumar B, Berger Z, Vacher C, O'Kane CJ, Rubinsztein DC: Rapamycin pre-treatment protects against apoptosis. Hum Mol Genet. 2006 Apr 1;15(7):1209-16. Epub 2006 Feb 23. Here, we show that rapamycin may have additional cytoprotective effects--it protects cells against a range of subsequent pro-apoptotic insults and reduces paraquat toxicity in Drosophila. This protection can be accounted for by enhanced clearance of mitochondria by autophagy, thereby reducing cytosolic cytochrome c release and downstream caspase activation after pro-apoptotic insults. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 10425747 | Hirai K, Pan J, Shimada H, Izuhara T, Kurihara T, Moriguchi K: Cytochemical energy-filtering transmission electron microscopy of mitochondrial free radical formation in paraquat cytotoxicity. J Electron Microsc. 1999;48(3):289-96. Precipitation reaction was scavenged by the addition of either cytochrome c or catalase and inhibited by dicoumarol (an inhibitor of NAD (P) H-quinone oxidoreductases). |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 15897195 | Barbier GG, Campbell WH: Viscosity effects on eukaryotic reductase activity. J Biol Chem. 2005 Jul 15;280(28):26049-54. Epub 2005 May 16. To determine whether Hinge 2 is involved in gating the first step in IET, the effects of viscosogen on cytochrome c and ferricyanide reductase activities of holo-NaR and ferricyanide reductase activity of the recombinant reductase module (CbR, Hinge 2, and cytochrome b) were analyzed. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 16391466 | Dudka J: Decrease in NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase activity of the human heart, Liver and lungs in the presence of Ann Nutr Metab. 2006;50(2):121-5. Epub 2006 Jan 2. METHODS: The activity of the enzyme was determined by measuring the rate of cytochrome c reduction at 550 nm, in vitro, using heart, liver and lung microsomes. The enzyme is involved in adriamycin (anticancer drug) and paraquat (herbicide) toxicity. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 11526450 | Tome ME, Briehl MM: Thymocytes selected for resistance to peroxide show altered antioxidant enzyme profiles and resistance to dexamethasone-induced apoptosis. Cell Death Differ. 2001 Sep;8(9):953-61. In the 200 microM H (2) O (2)-resistant cell variant the delay in cell loss is correlated with delayed release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria into the cytosol. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 18056701 | Fei Q, McCormack AL, Di Monte DA, Ethell DW: Paraquat neurotoxicity is mediated by a Bak-dependent mechanism. . J Biol Chem. 2008 Feb 8;283(6):3357-64. Epub 2007 Dec 4. PQ induced morphological and biochemical features that were consistent with apoptosis, including dose-dependent cytochrome c release, with subsequent caspase-3 and poly (ADP- polymerase cleavage. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 15659779 | Chun YS, Yeo EJ, Suh HJ, Park JW: Spontaneous generation of reactive species in the mixture of and Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2004 Dec;1030:43-51. In this study, we demonstrate that a mixture of and reduced cytochrome c and nitroblue tetrazolium, both of which are indicators. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 17101271 | Almeida MG, Silveira CM, Moura JJ: Biosensing using the system redutase/Nafion/methyl viologen--a voltammetric study. Biosens Bioelectron. 2007 May 15;22(11):2485-92. Epub 2006 Nov 13. This work describes the construction and voltammetric characterization of a biosensor based on a cytochrome c-type reductase (ccNiR) and the Nafion ionomeric matrix loaded with methyl viologen as redox mediator. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 14985085 | Suruga K, Murakami K, Taniyama Y, Hama T, Chida H, Satoh T, Yamada S, Hakamata W, Kawachi R, Isogai Y, Nishio T, Oku T: A novel microperoxidase activity: methyl viologen-linked reducing activity of microperoxidase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004 Mar 19;315(4):815-22. To investigate the reducing activity of microperoxidases (mps) in the presence of methyl viologen and dithionite, the fragments C14-K22 (mp9), V11-L32 (mp22), and G1-M65 (mp65) containing heme were prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis of commercially equine heart cytochrome c (Cyt c), in which His is axially coordinated to heme iron, and acts as its fifth ligand. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 10964766 | Kiyomiya K, Matsushita N, Matsuo S, Kurebe M: Cephaloridine-induced inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase activity in the mitochondria of cultured renal epithelial cells (LLC-PK (1)) as a possible mechanism of its nephrotoxicity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2000 Sep 1;167(2):151-6. production by the mitochondria prepared from LLC-PK (1) cells or -cytochrome c reductase was not affected by addition of CLD (1-10 mM), but adriamycin (0.1 mM) or paraquat (0.1 mM) significantly increased the production. |
0(0,0,0,0) | Details |