Protein Information

Name NADPH cytochrome P450 reductase
Synonyms CPR; CYPOR; Cytochrome P 450 reductase; Cytochrome P450 reductase; NADPH cytochrome P450 reductase; NADPH cytochrome P450 reductase; P450 (cytochrome) oxidoreductase; P450R…

Compound Information

Name paraquat
CAS 1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
15998352 Dudka J, Jodynis-Liebert J, Korobowicz E, Burdan F, Korobowicz A, Szumilo J, Tokarska E, Klepacz R, Murias M: Activity of NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase of the human heart, liver and lungs in the presence of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate, quercetin and resveratrol: an in vitro study. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2005 Aug;97(2):74-9.

The enzyme is also involved in the toxicity of some clinically important antitumour drugs (doxorubicin) and pesticides (paraquat).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12818794 Kachadourian R, Flaherty MM, Crumbliss AL, Patel M, Day BJ: Synthesis and in vitro antioxidant properties of manganese (III) beta-octabromo-meso-tetrakis (4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin. J Inorg Biochem. 2003 Jul 1;95(4):240-8.

However, a number of these cationic Mn-porphyrins (such as MnTM-4-PyP (5+)) redox-cycle with cytochrome P450 reductase in the presence of oxygen and NADPH whereas MnTBAP and its halogenated analog, MnBr (8) TBAP do not.
The enhanced ability of MnBr (8) TBAP to inhibit paraquat- and hypoxia-induced injuries in vitro is also reported.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12051692 Shimada H, Furuno H, Hirai K, Koyama J, Ariyama J, Simamura E: Paraquat detoxicative system in the mouse liver postmitochondrial fraction. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2002 Jun 1;402(1):149-57.

Phenytoin induced activity in NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase, CYP3A, CYP2B, and CYP2C that was 3 to 4 times higher than that of the controls.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
10964766 Kiyomiya K, Matsushita N, Matsuo S, Kurebe M: Cephaloridine-induced inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase activity in the mitochondria of cultured renal epithelial cells (LLC-PK (1)) as a possible mechanism of its nephrotoxicity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2000 Sep 1;167(2):151-6.


Superoxide anion production by the mitochondria prepared from LLC-PK (1) cells or NADH-cytochrome c reductase was not affected by addition of CLD (1-10 mM), but adriamycin (0.1 mM) or paraquat (0.1 mM) significantly increased the superoxide anion production.
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10993144 Igarashi K, Kimura Y, Takenaka A: Preventive effects of dietary cabbage acylated anthocyanins on paraquat-induced oxidative stress in rats. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2000 Aug;64(8):1600-7.

An increase in the NADPH-cytochrome-P450-reductase activity in the liver microsome fraction by paraquat was suppressed by supplementing the paraquat diet with acylated anthocyanins.
81(1,1,1,1) Details
16495354 Han JF, Wang SL, He XY, Liu CY, Hong JY: Effect of genetic variation on human cytochrome p450 reductase-mediated paraquat cytotoxicity. Toxicol Sci. 2006 May;91(1):42-8. Epub 2006 Feb 22.
81(1,1,1,1) Details
11039594 Kiyomiya K, Matsushita N, Matsuo S, Kurebe M: Roles of oxygen radical production and lipid peroxidation in the cytotoxicity of cephaloridine on cultured renal epithelial cells (LLC-PK1). J Vet Med Sci. 2000 Sep;62(9):977-81.

The levels of NADPH-dependent hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion production by microsomes prepared from LLC-PK1 cells, and by NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase purified from the rat renal cortex were significantly increased by paraquat.
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17935786 Olesen BT, Clausen J, Vang O: Characterization of the transcriptional profile in primary astrocytes after oxidative stress induced by Paraquat. Neurotoxicology. 2008 Jan;29(1):13-21. Epub 2007 Sep 1.

The PQ (48 h)-induced expressions of genes identified in cDNA array were confirmed by Northern blot analysis, which revealed a statistical significant up-regulation of genes involved in oxidative stress, detoxification, and DNA repair/synthesis and includes heme oxygenase-1 (11-fold), NAD (P) H dehydrogenase (8-fold), glutathione S-transferase P (7-fold), glucose-regulated 78-kDa protein (7-fold), glucose-regulated 75-kDa protein (6-fold), and growth-arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein 45 (4.5-fold) and minor changes for heat shock 10-kDa protein, NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase, heme oxygenase-2, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and Bcl-2-associated death promoter.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16391466 Dudka J: Decrease in NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase activity of the human heart, Liver and lungs in the presence of alpha-lipoic acid. Ann Nutr Metab. 2006;50(2):121-5. Epub 2006 Jan 2.

The enzyme is involved in adriamycin (anticancer drug) and paraquat (herbicide) toxicity.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
19023562 Gradinaru D, Minn AL, Artur Y, Minn A, Heydel JM: Drug metabolizing enzyme expression in rat choroid plexus: effects of in vivo xenobiotics treatment. Arch Toxicol. 2009 Jun;83(6):581-6. Epub 2008 Nov 21.

We present the changes in mRNA expression and enzymatic activities of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, UGT1A6 isoform and NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase, after in vitro treatment with xenobiotic molecules known to act in the liver as inducers or inhibitors of these drug metabolizing enzymes.
Five study groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated separately with 3-methylcholantrene (3-MC), phenobarbital (PB), dexamethasone (DEX), cyclosporine (CsA) or paraquat (PQ).
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