Protein Information

Name glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase
Synonyms 6 phosphogluconolactonase; GDH; G6PDH; Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase; GDH/6PGL endoplasmic bifunctional protein; GDH/6PGL endoplasmic bifunctional protein precursor; Glucose 1 dehydrogenase; Glucose dehydrogenase…

Compound Information

Name paraquat
CAS 1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
12970474 Hauschild R, von Schaewen A: Differential regulation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase isoenzyme activities in potato. Plant Physiol. 2003 Sep;133(1):47-62.

K (m) (Glc-6-phosphate) values of plastidic G6PDH activity differed between samples incubated on water or Paraquat, suggesting posttranslational modification of the plastidic enzyme (s).
40(0,1,1,10) Details
12453665 Akerman G, Amcoff P, Tjarnlund U, Fogelberg K, Torrissen O, Balk L: Paraquat and menadione exposure of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)--studies of effects on the pentose-phosphate shunt and thiamine levels in liver and kidney. Chem Biol Interact. 2003 Jan 6;142(3):269-83.

The results showed that paraquat caused a large increase in hepatic glutathione reductase activity and induced hepatic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, i.e., the rate-limiting enzyme in the oxidative part of the pentose-phosphate shunt.
7(0,0,1,2) Details
17569284 Ray S, Sengupta A, Ray A: Effects of paraquat on anti-oxidant system in rats. Indian J Exp Biol. 2007 May;45(5):432-8.

Glutathione reductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity decreased, whereas the activity of glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase increased in paraquat exposure.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
12661985 Jung IL, Kim IG: Polyamines reduce paraquat-induced soxS and its regulon expression in Escherichia coli. Cell Biol Toxicol. 2003 Feb;19(1):29-41.

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH; encoded by zwf) and manganese-containing superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD; encoded by sodA) activities induced by paraquat were decreased by exogenous polyamines.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
16549675 Giro M, Carrillo N, Krapp AR: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and ferredoxin-NADP (H) reductase contribute to damage repair during the soxRS response of Escherichia coli. Microbiology. 2006 Apr;152(Pt 4):1119-28.

5(0,0,0,5) Details
16896792 Marino D, Gonzalez EM, Frendo P, Puppo A, Arrese-Igor C: NADPH recycling systems in oxidative stressed pea nodules: a key role for the NADP+ -dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase. Planta. 2007 Jan;225(2):413-21. Epub 2006 Aug 2.

NADPH is mainly produced by glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH; EC 1.1.1.49) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH; EC 1.1.1.44) from the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway, and also by NADP (+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH; EC 1.1.1.42).
In this work, 10 microM paraquat (PQ) was applied to pea roots in order to determine the in vivo relationship between oxidative stress and the activity of the NADPH-generating enzymes in nodules.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
19806191 Gallo V, Schwarzer E, Rahlfs S, Schirmer RH, van Zwieten R, Roos D, Arese P, Becker K: Inherited glutathione reductase deficiency and Plasmodium falciparum malaria--a case study. PLoS One. 2009 Oct 6;4(10):e7303.

Drug sensitivity to chloroquine, artemisinin, and methylene blue was comparable to parasites grown in GR-sufficient RBCs and sensitivity towards paraquat and sodium nitroprusside was only slightly enhanced.
GR utilizes NADPH produced in the pentose phosphate shunt by glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15501432 Dafre AL, Medeiros ID, Muller IC, Ventura EC, Bainy AC: Antioxidant enzymes and thiol/disulfide status in the digestive gland of the brown mussel Perna perna exposed to lead and paraquat. Chem Biol Interact. 2004 Oct 15;149(2-3):97-105.

We were unable to detect an effect of Pb treatment on the enzymes, catalase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GSSG-reductase), which contrasts to the effect of PQ, increasing GSSG-reductase and G6PDH, but decreasing GST activity.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12121148 Saiki Y, Amao Y: Visible light induced biohydrogen production from sucrose using the photosensitization of Mg chlorophyll-a. Bioconjug Chem. 2002 Jul-Aug;13(4):898-901.


A photoinduced hydrogen production system, coupling sucrose degradation with invertase and glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) and hydrogen production with colloidal platinum as a catalyst using the visible light-induced photosensitization of Mg chlorophyll-a (Mg Chl-a), has been developed.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
11178967 Kim HS, Lee TB, Choi CH: Down-regulation of catalase gene expression in the doxorubicin-resistant AML subline AML-2/DX100. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2001 Feb 16;281(1):109-14.

The AML-2/DX100 also showed various levels of resistance to daunorubicin and vincristine but was paradoxically sensitive to hydrogen peroxide (5-fold), t-butyl hydroperoxide (3-fold), and paraquat (2-fold) when compared to the drug-sensitive parental AML-2 cells (AML-2/WT).
We compared the activities of antioxidant enzymes to detoxify reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide dismutases, glutathione S-transferase, catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in both AML-2/WT and AML-2/DX100.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18368388 Rungrassamee W, Liu X, Pomposiello PJ: Activation of glucose transport under oxidative stress in Escherichia coli. Arch Microbiol. 2008 Jul;190(1):41-9. Epub 2008 Mar 27.

However, only zwf, which codes for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, has been shown experimentally to affect the cellular resistance to oxidative stress.
PTS assays showed that glucose transport was induced under oxidative stress elicited by the superoxide-producing agent paraquat (PQ).
1(0,0,0,1) Details