Protein Information

Name alkaline phosphatase
Synonyms ALP 1; Alkaline phosphatase; ALPG; ALPPL; ALPPL 2; ALPPL2; GCAP; Germ cell alkaline phosphatase…

Compound Information

Name parathion
CAS

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
16786390 Lopez L, Pozo C, Rodelas B, Calvo C, Gonzalez-Lopez J: Influence of pesticides and herbicides presence on phosphatase activity and selected bacterial microbiota of a natural lake system. Ecotoxicology. 2006 Jul;15(5):487-93.

Our data show that dissolved alkaline phosphatase was the enzymatic activity that contributed in higher proportion to total lake water samples phosphatase status.
The presence of organochlorinated insecticides (aldrin and lindane), organophosphorous insecticides (dimetoate, methidation and methyl-parathion), herbicide atrazine and fungicide captan significantly increased phosphatase activities after 28 days of incubation.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
1298166 Varnagy L: Teratological examination of the insecticide methyl-parathion (Wofatox 50 EC) on pheasant embryos. 2. Acta Vet Hung. 1992;40(3):203-6.

At the highest dose level applied, serum alkaline phosphatase (SAP) enzyme activity and inorganic P concentration of the treated embryos showed statistically differences (reduction) as compared to the control data.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
2126817 Jabbar A, Khawaja SA, Iqbal A, Malik SA: Effect of malathion and methyl-parathion on rat liver enzymes. J Pak Med Assoc. 1990 Apr;40(4):85-9.

Short term (24 hr) and long term (4 weeks) treatment with insecticides resulted in increased specific activities of liver enzymes, Acid phosphatase, Alkaline phosphatase, Glutamate dehydrogenase, Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and Glutamate pyruvate transaminase.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18623092 Ayyagari MS, Pande R, Kamtekar S, Marx KA, Tripathy SK, Gao H, Kumar J, Akkara JA, Kaplan DL: Molecular assembly of proteins and conjugated polymers: Toward development of biosensors. Biotechnol Bioeng. 1995 Jan 20;45(2):116-21.

We study one specific case, the enzyme alkaline phosphatase.
The enzyme catalyzes a reaction producing an intermediate compound that chemiluminesces, and the chemiluminescence singnal is monitored to detect and quantify insecticides such as paraoxon and methyl parathion.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17021221 de la Pena Mattozzi M, Tehara SK, Hong T, Keasling JD: Mineralization of paraoxon and its use as a sole C and P source by a rationally designed catabolic pathway in Pseudomonas putida. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2006 Oct;72(10):6699-706.


This strain was engineered with the pnp operon from Pseudomonas sp. strain ENV2030, which encodes enzymes that transform p-nitrophenol into beta-ketoadipate, and with a synthetic operon encoding an organophosphate hydrolase (encoded by opd) from Flavobacterium sp. strain ATCC 27551, a phosphodiesterase (encoded by pde) from Delftia acidovorans, and an alkaline phosphatase (encoded by phoA) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa HN854 under control of a constitutive promoter.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
2126808 Jabbar A, Khawaja SA, Iqbal A, Malik SA: Effect of malathion and methyl-parathion on rat liver enzymes. J Pak Med Assoc. 1990 Nov;40(11):266-70.

Short term (24 hr.) and long term (4 weeks) treatment with insecticides resulted in increased specific activities of liver enzymes, Acid phosphatase, Alkaline phosphatase, Glutamate dehydrogenase, Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and Glutamate pyruvate transaminase.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17964717 Celik I, Suzek H: The hematological effects of methyl parathion in rats. J Hazard Mater. 2008 May 30;153(3):1117-21. Epub 2007 Sep 25.

The effects of methyl parathion (MP) at sublethal concentration on hematological constituent [red blood corpuscles (RBC), white blood corpuscles (WBC), mean cell volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), platelet (PLT) counts, hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrite (HCT) levels] and serum damage marker enzymes [aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanin aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)] of rats were investigated under laboratory conditions. 5 and 10 ppm dosages of MP were administered orally to six female rats ad libitum during the tests for 4 weeks consecutively.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
83128 Golbs S, Fuchs V, Leipner E, Huttel I: [The effect of pesticide combinations in laboratory rats. Arch Exp Veterinarmed. 1978;32(4):569-77.

After oral administration of pesticides Parathion-methyl, Carbaryl, Lindane and their combinations were investigated the activities of enzyme SGOT, SGPT, Alkaline Phosphatase and Cholinesterase.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
8742005 Pande R, Kamtekar S, Ayyagari MS, Kamath M, Marx KA, Kumar J, Tripathy SK, Kaplan DL: A biotinylated undecylthiophene copolymer bioconjugate for surface immobilization: creating an alkaline phosphatase chemiluminescence-based biosensor. Bioconjug Chem. 1996 Jan-Feb;7(1):159-64.

Both paraoxon and methyl parathion inhibit the enzyme-mediated generation of chemiluminescence signal.
4(0,0,0,4) Details
1714421 Dikshith TS, Raizada RB, Singh V, Pandey M, Srivastava MK: Repeated dermal toxicity of technical HCH and methyl parathion (50EC) to female rats (Rattus norvigicus). Indian J Exp Biol. 1991 Feb;29(2):149-55.

Repeated dermal application of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH; 100 mg/kg/day) or methyl parathion (2 mg/kg/day) individually or in combination for 7, 15 and 30 days produced pathomorphological changes in skin, liver, kidney and brain of female rats along with significant enzymatic alterations in the activity of transaminase, alkaline phosphatase lactic dehydrogenase and acetylcholinesterase.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
8541020 Ayyagari MS, Kamtekar S, Pande R, Marx KA, Kumar J, Tripathy SK, Akkara J, Kaplan DL: Chemiluminescence-based inhibition kinetics of alkaline phosphatase in the development of a pesticide biosensor. Biotechnol Prog. 1995 Nov-Dec;11(6):699-703.

Parts per billion level detection of paraoxon and methyl parathion in bulk solutions is achieved.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
16023954 Chouteau C, Dzyadevych S, Durrieu C, Chovelon JM: A bi-enzymatic whole cell conductometric biosensor for heavy metal ions and pesticides detection in water samples. Biosens Bioelectron. 2005 Aug 15;21(2):273-81. Epub 2004 Dec 8.

Local conductivity variations caused by algae alkaline phosphatase and acetylcholinesterase activities could be detected.
For pesticides, first experiments showed that paraoxon-methyl inhibits C. vulgaris AChE contrary to parathion-methyl and carbofuran.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
18327570 Yang W, Zhou YF, Dai HP, Bi LJ, Zhang ZP, Zhang XH, Leng Y, Zhang XE: Application of methyl parathion hydrolase (MPH) as a labeling enzyme. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2008 Apr;390(8):2133-40. Epub 2008 Mar 8.

The key advantages of using MPH as a labeling enzyme are as follows: (1) unlike alkaline phosphatase (AP), horseradish peroxidase (HRP), and glucose oxidase (GOD), MPH is rarely found in animal cells, and it therefore produces less background noise; (2) its active form in solution is the monomer, with a molecular weight of 37 kDa; (3) its turnover number is 114.70 +/- 13.19 s (-1), which is sufficiently high to yield a significant signal for sensitive detection; and (4) its 3D structure is known and its C-terminal that is exposed to the surface can be easily subjected to the construction of genetic engineering monocloning antibody-enzyme fusion for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
1(0,0,0,1) Details