Protein Information

Name brains
Synonyms BPG dependent PGAM 1; Brain; CDABP0006; PGAM 1; PGAM B; PGAM1; PGAM1 protein; PGAMA…

Compound Information

Name parathion
CAS

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
3178179 Finkelstein Y, Wolff M, Biegon A: Brain acetylcholinesterase after acute parathion poisoning: a comparative quantitative histochemical analysis post mortem. Ann Neurol. 1988 Aug;24(2):252-7.

The postmortem distribution of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition was studied in the brains of 2 victims of lethal parathion intoxication and 2 control brains matched for age and sex.
32(0,1,1,2) Details
3376122 Finkelstein Y, Wolff M, Biegon A: Brain acetylcholinesterase after parathion poisoning: a comparative quantitative histochemical analysis post-mortem. Toxicology. 1988 Apr;49(1):165-9.

The regional distribution of AChE inhibition by parathion in the human brain was examined in a comparative study of the brains of 2 victims of lethal parathion intoxication and 2 control brains matched for age and sex.
32(0,1,1,2) Details
8350385 Jett DA, Hill EF, Fernando JC, Eldefrawi ME, Eldefrawi AT: Down-regulation of muscarinic receptors and the m3 subtype in white-footed mice by dietary exposure to parathion. J Toxicol Environ Health. 1993 Jul;39(3):395-415.

The effect of ad libitum dietary exposure (as occurs in the field) to parathion for 14 d was investigated on the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) in brains and submaxillary glands of adults of a field species, the white-footed mouse Peromyscus leucopus.
7(0,0,1,2) Details
10681099 Lesser J, Blodgett D, Ehrich M: Comparison of oxime-initiated reactivation of organophosphorous-inhibited acetylcholinesterase in brains of avian embryos. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2000 Jan 14;59(1):57-66.

Doses of chlorpyrifos, parathion, acephate, and trichlorfon that inhibited AChE > 70% were administered to the embryos.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
3952746 Chow E, Seiber JN, Wilson BW: Isofenphos and an in vitro activation assay for delayed neuropathic potential. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1986 Mar 30;83(1):178-83.

The compounds (0.1 mM or less) to be tested were incubated with microsomes isolated from livers of phenobarbital-treated chick embryos (P-450 content averaged 1.81 +/- 0.27 nmol/mg protein, means +/- SD, N = 5) and NTE (average of 13.8 nmol/min/mg protein) from untreated chick embryo brains.
The low inhibitions of NTE of compounds that were not neurotoxic (parathion, Diazinon) did not increase in the presence of NADPH; inhibitions of NTE of compounds that required activation (leptophos, S,S,S-tri-n-butyl phosphorotrithioate, and tri-o-cresyl phosphate) greatly increased with NADPH.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
2432215 Soliman SA, Curley A, Farmer J, Novak R: In vivo inhibition of chicken brain acetylcholinesterase and neurotoxic esterase in relation to the delayed neurotoxicity of leptophos and cyanofenphos. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol. 1986 Sep-Dec;7(1-2):211-24.

Parathion and TOCP at 2 and 1000 mg/kg of chicken body weight were tested in the same manner as negative and positive neurotoxicants, respectively.
Three birds of each of five groups tested were sacrificed 1,2,3,7,14,21 and 28 days after treatment and the brains were taken for the biochemical tests.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
14746346 Sun T, Ma T, Ho IK: Differential modulation of muscarinic receptors in the rat brain by repeated exposure to methyl parathion. J Toxicol Sci. 2003 Dec;28(5):427-38.

Animals were sacrificed and brains were taken 1 week or 3 weeks after the daily treatment for measurement of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and binding of radioligands, [3H] QNB (nonselective), [3H] pirenzepine (M1-selective), and [3H] AF-DX384 (M2-selective) to muscarinic receptors.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
11307856 Oehmichen M, Ochs U, Meissner C: Regional potassium distribution in the brain in forensic relevant types of intoxication preliminary morphometric evaluation using a histochemical method. Neurotoxicology. 2001 Feb;22(1):99-107.

The animals were subsequently killed, the brains immediately frozen, and cryosections cut.
By contrast, administration of amitriptyline, glycerin, potassium cyanide, parathion or phenobarbital initiated an increase in K+ levels in both gray and white matter.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
2730675 Forsyth CS, Chambers JE: Activation and degradation of the phosphorothionate insecticides parathion and EPN by rat brain. Biochem Pharmacol. 1989 May 15;38(10):1597-603.

Microsomes from specific regions (cerebral cortex, corpus striatum, cerebellum, and medulla/pons) of the brains of male and female rats and from liver were incubated with the phosphorothionate and an NADPH-generating system.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
7097796 Agarwal DK, Misra D, Agarwal S, Seth PK, Kohli JD: Influence of sex hormones on parathion toxicity in rats: antiacetylcholinesterase activity of parathion and paraoxon in plasma, erythrocytes, and brain. J Toxicol Environ Health. 1982 Mar;9(3):451-9.

However, inhibition of AChE activity by paraoxon was significantly higher in brains of gonadectomized rats than those of normal rats and the effect was reversible on administration of the respective sex hormones.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17712963 Wang J, Liu P, Wu X, Wang F: [Studies on DNA damage of the neuron cell in rat offspring induced by cypermerthrin and methylparathrion during embryo exposure]. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 2007 May;36(3):361-3.

CONCLUSION: Prenatally exposed to mixed pesticides of cypermerthrin plus methyl parathion could cause neuron cell DNA damage.
The brains of 24 embryos at the gestation day 16th (6 each group) and 24 rat offspring (6 each group) at the 30-day-old after birth were taken out respectively, and the single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE or comet assay) was utilized to access DNA damage.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18164358 Nomura DK, Fujioka K, Issa RS, Ward AM, Cravatt BF, Casida JE: Dual roles of brain serine hydrolase KIAA1363 in ether lipid metabolism and organophosphate detoxification. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2008 Apr 1;228(1):42-8. Epub 2007 Dec 3.


On considering detoxification, KIAA1363 -/- mice were significantly more sensitive than +/+ mice to ip-administered CPF (100 mg/kg) and parathion (10 mg/kg) with increased tremoring and mortality that correlated for CPF with greater brain acetylcholinesterase inhibition.
0(0,0,0,0) Details