| Name | glutathione S transferase |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | GST class alpha 2; Gst2; GST class alpha; GST class alpha member 2; GST gamma; GSTA 2; GSTA2; GSTA2 2… |
| Name | permethrin |
|---|---|
| CAS | (3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl 3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate |
| PubMed | Abstract | RScore(About this table) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3358959 | Nedel'kina SV, Solomennikova IV, Lukashina NS, Leonova IN, Raushenbakh IIu: [Enzymatic systems of insecticide detoxication in a population of Colorado beetles resistant to permethrin]. Biokhimiia. 1988 Jan;53(1):11-7. It was demonstrated that the activity of the main enzymes of insect detoxication, i.e., microsomal monooxygenases, nonspecific esterases and glutathione-S-transferases in the permetrin-resistant population of L-decemlineata is enhanced as compared with the permetrin-sensitive population. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 18666537 | Strong AC, Kondratieff BC, Doyle MS, Black WC 4th: Resistance to permethrin in Culex tarsalis in northeastern Colorado. J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 2008 Jun;24(2):281-8. Glutathione S-transferase levels recorded in 2005 were 9-12x higher than either the lab strain or 2006 mosquitoes; activity of mixed-function oxidases was also greater. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 11758396 | Yin D, Jin H, Yu H, Chen L: [A comparative study on the sensitivity and specificity of cholinesterase and glutathione s-transferase in Gammarus pulex L.]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2001 Aug;12(4):615-8. Studies on the influences of lindane, pirimiphos methyl, permethrin, zinc and dodecyl linear alkybenzene sulfonate (LAS) on the activity and toxicity of cholinesterase (ChE) and glutathione s-transferase (GST) in Gammarus pulex L. showed that only pirimiphos methyl caused a change in ChE activity in Gammarus, with a significant reduction in enzyme activity after 24 h and 48 h exposure. |
32(0,1,1,2) | Details |
| 11415437 | Vontas JG, Small GJ, Hemingway J: Glutathione S-transferases as antioxidant defence agents confer pyrethroid resistance in Nilaparvata lugens. Biochem J. 2001 Jul 1;357(Pt 1):65-72. Biochemical analysis and synergistic studies with metabolic inhibitors indicated that elevated glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) with a predominant peroxidase activity conferred resistance to both pyrethroids, whereas esterases conferred part of the resistance to permethrin. |
32(0,1,1,2) | Details |
| 17089332 | Yu SJ, McCord E Jr: Lack of cross-resistance to indoxacarb in insecticide-resistant Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae). Pest Manag Sci. 2007 Jan;63(1):63-7. A field strain of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) collected from cabbage in north Florida and selected for 20 generations with permethrin showed high resistance to permethrin (987-fold) as compared with a susceptible strain. |
0(0,0,0,0) | Details |
| 16493407 | Paeporn P, Supaphathom K, Srisawat R, Komalamisra N, Deesin V, Ya-umphan P, Leeming Sawat S: Biochemical detection of pyrethroid resistance mechanism in Aedes aegypti in Ratchaburi province, Thailand. Trop Biomed. 2004 Dec;21(2):145-51. Adults of Aedes aegypti from two localtities in Ratchaburi province were subjected to permethrin and deltamethrin selection in laboratory. |
0(0,0,0,0) | Details |
| 16032654 | Xu Q, Liu H, Zhang L, Liu N: Resistance in the mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus, and possible mechanisms for resistance. Pest Manag Sci. 2005 Nov;61(11):1096-102. Resistance to permethrin in MAmCq (G1) and HAmCq (G3) was partially suppressed by piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S,S,S-tributylphosphorotrithioate (DEF) and diethyl (DEM), inhibitors of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, hydrolases and glutathione S-transferases (GST), respectively, suggesting these three enzyme families are important in conferring permethrin resistance in both strains. |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 12823830 | Enayati AA, Vatandoost H, Ladonni H, Townson H, Hemingway J: Molecular evidence for a kdr-like pyrethroid resistance mechanism in the malaria vector mosquito Anopheles stephensi. Med Vet Entomol. 2003 Jun;17(2):138-44. Activities of some enzymes likely to confer pyrethroid-resistance (i.e. esterases, monooxygenases and glutathione S-transferases) were significantly higher in the permethrin-resistant than in the susceptible strain, but the use of synergists--piperonyl butoxide (PBO) to inhibit monooxygenases and/or tribufos (DEF) to inhibit esterases--did not fully prevent resistance in larvae (permethrin LC50 reduced by only 51-68%), indicating the involvement of another mechanism. |
0(0,0,0,0) | Details |
| 18829056 | Awolola TS, Oduola OA, Strode C, Koekemoer LL, Brooke B, Ranson H: Evidence of multiple pyrethroid resistance mechanisms in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto from Nigeria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2009 Nov;103(11):1139-45. Epub 2008 Sep 30. Resistant mosquitoes synergized using pyperonyl butoxide before permethrin exposure showed a significant increase in mortality compared with the non-synergized. |
0(0,0,0,0) | Details |
| 18508027 | Daaboub J, Ben Cheikh R, Lamari A, Ben Jha I, Feriani M, Boubaker C, Ben Cheikh H: Resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in Culex pipiens pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) from Tunisia. Acta Trop. 2008 Jul;107(1):30-6. Epub 2008 Apr 22. The use of synergists showed that the cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases had a major contribution to the permethrin and deltamethrin resistance and that the esterases (and/or glutathione-S-transferases) had only a minor contribution. |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 18405832 | Poupardin R, Reynaud S, Strode C, Ranson H, Vontas J, David JP: Cross-induction of detoxification genes by environmental xenobiotics and insecticides in the mosquito Aedes aegypti: impact on larval tolerance to chemical insecticides. Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 2008 May;38(5):540-51. Epub 2008 Feb 5. Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases activities were induced in larvae exposed to permethrin, fluoranthene and while glutathione S-transferase activities were induced after exposure to fluoranthene and repressed after exposure to |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 18214939 | Stueckle TA, Griffin K, Foran CM: No acute toxicity to Uca pugnax, the mud fiddler crab, following a 96-h exposure to sediment-bound permethrin. Environ Toxicol. 2008 Aug;23(4):530-8. We exposed adult U. pugnax to salt marsh sediment spiked with different 60% trans/40% cis permethrin concentrations for 96 h, and evaluated changes in consumption rate, hemolymph osmolarity, and glutathione S-transferase activity (GST) following exposure. |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 19038063 | Munhenga G, Masendu HT, Brooke BD, Hunt RH, Koekemoer LK: Pyrethroid resistance in the major malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis from Gwave, a malaria-endemic area in Zimbabwe. Malar J. 2008 Nov 28;7:247. METHODS: Standard WHO bioassays, using 0.75% permethrin, 4% DDT, 5% malathion, 0.1% bendiocarb and 4% dieldrin were performed on wild-collected adult anopheline mosquitoes and F1 progeny of An. arabiensis reared from wild-caught females. Biochemical assays were used to determine the relative levels of detoxifying enzyme systems including non-specific esterases, monooxygenases and glutathione-S-transferases as well as to detect the presence of an altered acetylcholine esterase (AChE). |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 11439246 | Jirajaroenrat K, Pongjaroenkit S, Krittanai C, Prapanthadara L, Ketterman AJ: Heterologous expression and characterization of alternatively spliced glutathione S-transferases from a single Anopheles gene. Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 2001 Jul 26;31(9):867-75. Permethrin inhibition of CDNB activity, at varying concentrations of CDNB, was significantly different, being uncompetitive for adGST1-2, noncompetitive for adGST1-3 and competitive for adGST1-4. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 11297102 | Enayati AA, Vontas JG, Small GJ, McCarroll L, Hemingway J: Quantification of pyrethroid insecticides from treated bednets using a mosquito recombinant glutathione S-transferase. Med Vet Entomol. 2001 Mar;15(1):58-63. Standard curves of insecticide concentration against percentage of enzyme inhibition or volume of solution were established by spectrophotometry and volumetric titration, respectively, for permethrin and deltamethrin. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 11033162 | Feng Q, Davey KG, S D Pang A, Ladd TR, Retnakaran A, Tomkins BL, Zheng S, Palli SR: Developmental expression and stress induction of glutathione S-transferase in the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana. J Insect Physiol. 2001 Jan 1;47(1):1-10. The bacterial insecticide, Bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin (Bt), the non-steroidal ecdysone analog, tebufenozide, and the synthetic pyrethroid, permethrin, induced the expression of CfGST mRNA in 5th instar larvae, whereas the synthesis inhibitor, diflubenzuron, did not have any such effect. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 18392087 | Enayati AA, Motevalli Haghi F: Biochemistry of pyrethroid resistance in German cockroach (Dictyoptera, Blatellidae) from hospitals of Sari, Iran. Iran Biomed J. 2007 Oct;11(4):251-8. Biochemical assays of esterases, monooxigenases and glutathione S-transferase (GST) levels were undertaken on German cockroaches from Imam and Bouali Cina Hospitals and the results were compared to a susceptible laboratory strain. RESULTS: The LT50 values of the three strains were 20.24+/-2.2, 19.87+/-2.3 and 8.89+/-0.26 for permethrin; 19.3+/-3.05, 17.6+/-0.68 and 8.8+/-0.99 for deltamethrin; 19.64+/-2.9, 18.66+/-3.45 and 8.64+/-0.62 min for cypermethrin, respectively. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 1363965 | Hakoi K, Cabral R, Hoshiya T, Hasegawa R, Shirai T, Ito N: Analysis of carcinogenic activity of some pesticides in a medium-term liver bioassay in the rat. Teratog Carcinog Mutagen. 1992;12(6):269-76. Hepatocarcinogenic potential was assessed by comparing the number and area of glutathione S-transferase placental form positive foci in the liver with those of controls given diethylnitrosamine (DEN) alone. Permethrin (mixture of 39% cis form and 61% trans form) showed borderline results. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 19125173 | Pasay C, Arlian L, Morgan M, Gunning R, Rossiter L, Holt D, Walton S, Beckham S, McCarthy J: The effect of insecticide synergists on the response of scabies mites to pyrethroid acaricides. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2009;3(1):e354. Epub 2009 Jan 6. BACKGROUND: Permethrin is the active component of topical creams widely used to treat human scabies. Then, to investigate the relative role of specific metabolic pathways inhibited by these synergists, enzyme assays were developed to measure esterase, glutathione S-transferase (GST) and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (cytochrome P450) activity in mite extracts. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 10194754 | Hemingway J, Miller J, Mumcuoglu KY: Pyrethroid resistance mechanisms in the head louse Pediculus capitis from Israel: implications for control. Med Vet Entomol. 1999 Feb;13(1):89-96. In 1991, permethrin was introduced for control of DDT resistant P. capitis in Israel, leading to control failure of this pyrethroid insecticide by 1994. We identified a glutathione S-transferase (GST)-based mechanism of DDT resistance in the Israeli head lice. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 17568372 | Pethuan S, Jirakanjanakit N, Saengtharatip S, Chareonviriyaphap T, Kaewpa D, Rongnoparut P: Biochemical studies of insecticide resistance in Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti and Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Thailand. Trop Biomed. 2007 Jun;24(1):7-15. Biochemical analysis was performed on field caught Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti and Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes to determine activities of enzymes including mixed function oxidases (MFO), nonspecific esterases (alpha- and beta-), glutathione-S-transferases (GST), and insensitive acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The susceptibility to pyrethroids (deltamethrin, permethrin), organophosphate (fenitrothion) and (propoxur) insecticides were revealed in these samples. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 7572467 | Mourya DT, Hemingway J, Leake CJ: Post-inoculation changes in enzyme activity of Aedes aegypti infected with Chikungunya virus. Acta Virol. 1995 Feb;39(1):31-5. Levels of acetylcholinesterase, non-specific esterases, glutathione-S-transferase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in Aedes aegypti (L.) mosquitoes inoculated intrathoracally with Chikungunya virus were elevated, as compared to uninoculated control insects. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 18834453 | Saldivar L, Guerrero FD, Miller RJ, Bendele KG, Gondro C, Brayton KA: Microarray analysis of acaricide-inducible gene expression in the southern cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Insect Mol Biol. 2008 Dec;17(6):597-606. Epub 2008 Sep 25. The acaricides used were: coumaphos, permethrin, ivermectin, and amitraz. Among the differentially expressed genes with informative annotation were legumain, glutathione S-transferase, and a putative salivary gland-associated protein. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 11129708 | Karunaratne SH, Hemingway J: Insecticide resistance spectra and resistance mechanisms in populations of Japanese encephalitis vector mosquitoes, Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Cx. gelidus, in Sri Lanka. Med Vet Entomol. 2000 Dec;14(4):430-6. Using wild-caught adult mosquitoes from light traps, log dosage-probit mortality curves for insecticide bioassays were obtained for three insecticides: malathion (organophosphate), propoxur and permethrin (pyrethroid). Both species were tested for activity levels of detoxifying glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) and malathion-specific as well as general carboxylesterases. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 18755020 | Perera MD, Hemingway J, Karunaratne SP: Multiple insecticide resistance mechanisms involving metabolic changes and insensitive target sites selected in anopheline vectors of malaria in Sri Lanka. Malar J. 2008 Aug 28;7:168. METHODS: Adult females were exposed to the WHO discriminating dosages of DDT, malathion, fenitrothion, propoxur, lambda-cyhalothrin, cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, permethrin and etofenprox. The presence of metabolic resistance by esterase, glutathione S-transferase (GST) and monooxygenase-based mechanisms, and the sensitivity of the acetylcholinesterase target site were assessed using synergists, and biochemical, and metabolic techniques. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 19274371 | Fonseca-Gonzalez I, Quinones ML, McAllister J, Brogdon WG: Mixed-function oxidases and esterases associated with cross-resistance between DDT and lambda-cyhalothrin in Anopheles darlingi Root 1926 populations from Colombia. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2009 Feb;104(1):18-26. All field populations were susceptible to deltamethrin, permethrin, malathion and fenitrothion. Enzyme levels related to insecticide resistance, including mixed function oxidases (MFO), non-specific esterases (NSE), glutathione S-transferases and modified acetylcholinesterase were evaluated in all populations and compared with a susceptible natural strain. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 12680930 | Brengues C, Hawkes NJ, Chandre F, McCarroll L, Duchon S, Guillet P, Manguin S, Morgan JC, Hemingway J: Pyrethroid and DDT cross-resistance in Aedes aegypti is correlated with novel mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene. Med Vet Entomol. 2003 Mar;17(1):87-94. Two laboratory strains, Bora (French Polynesia) and AEAE, were both susceptible to DDT and permethrin; all other strains, except Larentuka (Indonesia) and Bouake (Ivory Coast), contained individual fourth-instar larvae resistant to permethrin. Glutathione S-transferase activity was elevated in the Guyane strain. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 12866824 | Ganesh KN, Urmila J, Vijayan VA: Pyrethroid susceptibility & enzyme activity in two malaria vectors, Anopheles stephensi (Liston) &. Indian J Med Res. 2003 Jan;117:30-8. We subjected these vectors to larval bioassay using two popular pyrethroids viz deltamethrin and permethrin. An attempt was also made to correlate the activities of certain detoxifying enzymes such as A- esterase, B-esterase, glutathione-S transferase (GST) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) with the tolerance levels of the two vectors. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 19419775 | Riaz MA, Poupardin R, Reynaud S, Strode C, Ranson H, David JP: Impact of and benzo [a] pyrene on the tolerance of mosquito larvae to chemical insecticides. Aquat Toxicol. 2009 Jun 4;93(1):61-9. Epub 2009 Mar 31. The effect of exposure of Aedes aegypti larvae for 72h to sub-lethal concentrations of the herbicide and the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon benzo [a] pyrene on their subsequent tolerance to the chemical insecticides imidacloprid, permethrin and propoxur, detoxification enzyme activities and transcription of detoxification genes was investigated. Larval glutathione S-transferases activities were strongly induced after exposure to propoxur and moderately induced after exposure to benzo [a] pyrene and |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 1354835 | Sergieva VP, Gracheva GV: [Age-related changes in mosquito insecticide resistance and their relation to the mechanisms of detoxication]. Med Parazitol. 1992 Jan-Feb;(1):11-5. The mechanisms of DDT, permethrin and malathion resistance were determined indirectly by means of synergists inhibiting the detoxification enzymes. It was found that metabolic resistance dependent on glutathione-S-transferase, MFO and carboxylesterase is the most liable to age changes. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 1907908 | Krechniak J, Wrzesniowska K: Effects of pyrethroid insecticides on hepatic microsomal enzymes in rats. Environ Res. 1991 Aug;55(2):129-34. Animals were treated orally with cypermethrin (80 mg/kg), deltamethrin (15 mg/kg), and permethrin (100 mg/kg), as a solution in soyabean oil, for 1 to 20 days. The content of cytochromes P-450 and b5, activity of cytochrome P-450 reductase, glutathione S-transferase, 4-hydroxylase, p-nitroanisole O-demethylase in microsomes, the activity of glutathione S-transferase, and the level of sulfhydryl groups in cytosol were determined. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 10774652 | Karunaratne SH: Insecticide cross-resistance spectra and underlying resistance mechanisms of Sri Lankan anopheline vectors of malaria. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 1999 Sep;30(3):460-9. Higher glutathione-S-transferase activity was marked in An. subpictus. Adult and larval bioassays were carried out to obtain log-probit mortality lines for malathion, propoxur, permethrin and chlorpyrifos. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |