Protein Information

Name thioredoxin reductase
Synonyms ACR 1; PLP; ACR1; AOEB166; Alu corepressor 1; Antioxidant enzyme B166; B166; Liver tissue 2D page spot 71B…

Compound Information

Name phosphine
CAS phosphine

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
19937669 Vergara E, Casini A, Sorrentino F, Zava O, Cerrada E, Rigobello MP, Bindoli A, Laguna M, Dyson PJ: Anticancer therapeutics that target selenoenzymes: synthesis, characterization, in vitro cytotoxicity, and thioredoxin reductase inhibition of a series of gold (I) complexes containing hydrophilic phosphine ligands. ChemMedChem. 2010 Jan;5(1):96-102.
82(1,1,1,2) Details
19665452 Gandin V, Fernandes AP, Rigobello MP, Dani B, Sorrentino F, Tisato F, Bjornstedt M, Bindoli A, Sturaro A, Rella R, Marzano C: Cancer cell death induced by phosphine gold (I) compounds targeting thioredoxin reductase. Biochem Pharmacol. 2010 Jan 15;79(2):90-101. Epub 2009 Aug 7.
8(0,0,1,3) Details
15025511 Waters SB, Devesa V, Del Razo LM, Styblo M, Thomas DJ: Endogenous reductants support the catalytic function of recombinant rat cyt19, an arsenic methyltransferase. Chem Res Toxicol. 2004 Mar;17(3):404-9.

The reductants dithiothreitol or tris (2-carboxylethyl) phosphine support catalysis by recombinant rat cyt19 (rrcyt19).
Coupled systems containing an endogenous reductant (thioredoxin/thioredoxin reductase/NADPH, glutaredoxin/glutathione/glutathione reductase/NADPH, or lipoic acid/thioredoxin reductase/NADPH) support inorganic As methylation by rrcyt19.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
14975452 Landino LM, Iwig JS, Kennett KL, Moynihan KL: Repair of peroxynitrite damage to tubulin by the thioredoxin reductase system. Free Radic Biol Med. 2004 Feb 15;36(4):497-506.

The extent of activity restored by thioredoxin reductase and by the nonspecific disulfide-reducing agent tris (2-carboxyethyl) phosphine hydrochloride was identical; however, activity was not restored to control levels.
6(0,0,0,6) Details
16510263 Omata Y, Folan M, Shaw M, Messer RL, Lockwood PE, Hobbs D, Bouillaguet S, Sano H, Lewis JB, Wataha JC: Sublethal concentrations of diverse gold compounds inhibit mammalian cytosolic thioredoxin reductase (TrxR1). Toxicol In Vitro. 2006 Sep;20(6):882-90. Epub 2006 Feb 28.

METHODS: We exposed rat-TrxR1 to auranofin, gold sodium thiomalate, sodium aurothiosulfate, triphenyl phosphine gold chloride, or gold acetate, and measured TrxR activity ex vivo.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
17697672 Rackham O, Nichols SJ, Leedman PJ, Berners-Price SJ, Filipovska A: A gold (I) phosphine complex selectively induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells: implications for anticancer therapeutics targeted to mitochondria. Biochem Pharmacol. 2007 Oct 1;74(7):992-1002. Epub 2007 Jul 21.

To address the molecular basis of the observed selectivity between the two cell lines we investigated the effect of the gold complex on the thioredoxin/thioredoxin reductase system in normal and cancer breast cells.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
18242600 Rigobello MP, Folda A, Dani B, Menabo R, Scutari G, Bindoli A: Gold (I) complexes determine apoptosis with limited oxidative stress in Jurkat T cells. Eur J Pharmacol. 2008 Mar 17;582(1-3):26-34. Epub 2008 Jan 4.


Interestingly, the gold (I) compound aurothiomalate was poorly effective, both in inhibiting thioredoxin reductase and in inducing apoptosis.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19123857 Ott I, Qian X, Xu Y, Vlecken DH, Marques IJ, Kubutat D, Will J, Sheldrick WS, Jesse P, Prokop A, Bagowski CP: A gold (I) phosphine complex containing a naphthalimide ligand functions as a TrxR inhibiting antiproliferative agent and angiogenesis inhibitor. J Med Chem. 2009 Feb 12;52(3):763-70.

Mechanistic experiments indicated that the inhibition of thioredoxin reductase (based on the covalent binding of a gold triethylphosphine fragment) might be involved in the pharmacodynamic behavior of this novel gold species.
1(0,0,0,1) Details