Protein Information

Name glutathione S transferase
Synonyms GST class alpha 2; Gst2; GST class alpha; GST class alpha member 2; GST gamma; GSTA 2; GSTA2; GSTA2 2…

Compound Information

Name cacodylic acid
CAS dimethylarsinic acid

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
16531839 Marcos R, Martinez V, Hernandez A, Creus A, Sekaran C, Tokunaga H, Quinteros D: Metabolic profile in workers occupationally exposed to arsenic: role of GST polymorphisms. J Occup Environ Med. 2006 Mar;48(3):334-41.


With respect to the role of different genetic polymorphisms in the glutathione S-transferase (GST) genes in the modulation of the urinary profiles, for the overall population only a tendency was just observed between GSTM1 null and MMA excretion as well as between GSTP1 val/val and DMA excretion.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
7882321 Yamamoto S, Konishi Y, Matsuda T, Murai T, Shibata MA, Matsui-Yuasa I, Otani S, Kuroda K, Endo G, Fukushima S: Cancer induction by an organic arsenic compound, dimethylarsinic acid (cacodylic acid), in F344/DuCrj rats after pretreatment with five carcinogens. Cancer Res. 1995 Mar 15;55(6):1271-6.

Induction of preneoplastic lesions (glutathione S-transferase placental form-positive foci in the liver and atypical tubules in the kidney) was also significantly increased in DMA-treated groups.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12018983 Sakurai T, Qu W, Sakurai MH, Waalkes MP: A major human arsenic metabolite, dimethylarsinic acid, requires reduced glutathione to induce apoptosis. Chem Res Toxicol. 2002 May;15(5):629-37.


Ethacrynic acid (EA), an inhibitor of glutathione S-transferase (GST) that catalyzes GSH-substrate conjugation, acivicin, an inhibitor of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) which catalyzes the initial breakdown of GSH-substrate conjugates, and aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA), an inhibitor of beta-lyase which catalyzes the final breakdown of GSH-substrate conjugates, all were effective in suppressing DMA-induced apoptosis.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15276415 Sakurai T, Ochiai M, Kojima C, Ohta T, Sakurai MH, Takada NO, Qu W, Waalkes MP, Fujiwara K: Role of glutathione in dimethylarsinic acid-induced apoptosis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2004 Aug 1;198(3):354-65.


DMAs (V) exposure temporarily decreased cellular reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and enhanced cellular glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity from 6 h after the exposure when the cells were still alive.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12115560 Nishikawa T, Wanibuchi H, Ogawa M, Kinoshita A, Morimura K, Hiroi T, Funae Y, Kishida H, Nakae D, Fukushima S: Promoting effects of monomethylarsonic acid, dimethylarsinic acid and trimethylarsine oxide on induction of rat liver preneoplastic glutathione S-transferase placental form positive foci: a possible reactive oxygen species mechanism. Int J Cancer. 2002 Jul 10;100(2):136-9.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
17548696 Ahsan H, Chen Y, Kibriya MG, Slavkovich V, Parvez F, Jasmine F, Gamble MV, Graziano JH: Arsenic metabolism, genetic susceptibility, and risk of premalignant skin lesions in Bangladesh. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2007 Jun;16(6):1270-8.


Adjusted odds ratios (OR) for skin lesions were estimated in relation to the polymorphisms in the glutathione S-transferase omega1 and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase genes, the percentage of monomethylarsonous acid (%MMA) and dimethylarsinic acid (%DMA) in urine, and the ratios of MMA to inorganic arsenic and DMA to MMA.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
9473732 Wanibuchi H, Hori T, Meenakshi V, Ichihara T, Yamamoto S, Yano Y, Otani S, Nakae D, Konishi Y, Fukushima S: Promotion of rat hepatocarcinogenesis by dimethylarsinic acid: association with elevated ornithine decarboxylase activity and formation of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in the liver. Jpn J Cancer Res. 1997 Dec;88(12):1149-54.


In experiment 1, glutathione-S-transferase placental form (GST-P)-positive foci, putative preneoplastic lesions, were employed as endpoints of a liver medium-term bioassay for carcinogens (Ito test).
1(0,0,0,1) Details