Protein Information

Name glutathione S transferase
Synonyms GST class alpha 2; Gst2; GST class alpha; GST class alpha member 2; GST gamma; GSTA 2; GSTA2; GSTA2 2…

Compound Information

Name propoxur
CAS

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
19419775 Riaz MA, Poupardin R, Reynaud S, Strode C, Ranson H, David JP: Impact of glyphosate and benzo [a] pyrene on the tolerance of mosquito larvae to chemical insecticides. Aquat Toxicol. 2009 Jun 4;93(1):61-9. Epub 2009 Mar 31.

Larval glutathione S-transferases activities were strongly induced after exposure to propoxur and moderately induced after exposure to benzo [a] pyrene and glyphosate.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
10661713 Valles SM, Koehler PG, Brenner RJ: Comparative insecticide susceptibility and detoxification enzyme activities among pestiferous blattodea. Comp Biochem Physiol C Pharmacol Toxicol Endocrinol. 1999 Nov;124(3):227-32.

Propoxur LD50 was significantly (P = 0.01; r = 0.81) correlated with glutathione S-transferase activity.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
7507502 Hemingway J, Small GJ, Monro AG: Possible mechanisms of organophosphorus and carbamate insecticide resistance in German cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Blattelidae) from different geographical areas. J Econ Entomol. 1993 Dec;86(6):1623-30.

Increased levels of glutathione S-transferase activity were found in four strains.
The resistance status of 14 strains of Blattella germanica (L.) from four countries was determined for chlorpyrifos and propoxur compared with a standard reference susceptible strain.
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19649249 Hooven LA, Sherman KA, Butcher S, Giebultowicz JM: Does the clock make the poison? Circadian variation in response to pesticides. PLoS One. 2009 Jul 31;4(7):e6469.

To determine whether reported XM gene expression rhythms result in functional rhythms, we examined daily profiles of enzyme activity and dose responses to the pesticides propoxur, deltamethrin, fipronil, and malathion.
Male Drosophila were collected for ethoxycoumarin-O-deethylase (ECOD), esterase, glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and, and uridine 5'-diphosphoglucosyltransferase (UGT) enzyme activity assays, or subjected to dose-response tests at four hour intervals throughout the day in both light/dark and constant light conditions.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8294621 Hemingway J, Dunbar SJ, Monro AG, Small GJ: Pyrethroid resistance in German cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Blattelidae): resistance levels and underlying mechanisms. J Econ Entomol. 1993 Dec;86(6):1631-8.

Twelve of these strains were also resistant to chlorpyrifos and propoxur.
Possible resistance mechanisms detected in these populations included elevated levels of cytochrome P450, general esterase and glutathione S-transferase, and nerve insensitivity (kdr-type resistance).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
20346998 Maran E, Fernandez-Franzon M, Font G, Ruiz MJ: Effects of aldicarb and propoxur on cytotoxicity and lipid peroxidation in CHO-K1 cells. Food Chem Toxicol. 2010 Mar 24.

Pretreatment with 60 muM BSO, induced a significant decrease in the glutathione reductase (GR; 64 to 141%), the glutathione peroxidase (GPx; 10 to 30%) and the glutathione S-transferase (GST; 59 to 93%) activities, and it GSH levels (79-85%), while the oxidized glutathione (GSSG) levels significantly increased (64-78%) respect to experiment non BSO-pretreated.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17568372 Pethuan S, Jirakanjanakit N, Saengtharatip S, Chareonviriyaphap T, Kaewpa D, Rongnoparut P: Biochemical studies of insecticide resistance in Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti and Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Thailand. Trop Biomed. 2007 Jun;24(1):7-15.

Biochemical analysis was performed on field caught Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti and Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes to determine activities of enzymes including mixed function oxidases (MFO), nonspecific esterases (alpha- and beta-), glutathione-S-transferases (GST), and insensitive acetylcholinesterase (AChE).
The susceptibility to pyrethroids (deltamethrin, permethrin), organophosphate (fenitrothion) and carbamate (propoxur) insecticides were revealed in these samples.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
10414779 Banerjee BD, Seth V, Bhattacharya A, Pasha ST, Chakraborty AK: Biochemical effects of some pesticides on lipid peroxidation and free-radical scavengers. Toxicol Lett. 1999 Jun 30;107(1-3):33-47.

Oxidative stress was studied in blood samples obtained from lindane, malathion and propoxur poisoning cases admitted to the Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi and evaluated for lipid peroxidation, oxygen free radical (OFR) scavenging enzymes, and glutathione (GSH) and related enzymes.
The level of thiobarbituric acid reacting substances and activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase and GGT were increased and GSH level was decreased in pesticide poisoning.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
7572467 Mourya DT, Hemingway J, Leake CJ: Post-inoculation changes in enzyme activity of Aedes aegypti infected with Chikungunya virus. Acta Virol. 1995 Feb;39(1):31-5.


Levels of acetylcholinesterase, non-specific esterases, glutathione-S-transferase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in Aedes aegypti (L.) mosquitoes inoculated intrathoracally with Chikungunya virus were elevated, as compared to uninoculated control insects.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
11129708 Karunaratne SH, Hemingway J: Insecticide resistance spectra and resistance mechanisms in populations of Japanese encephalitis vector mosquitoes, Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Cx. gelidus, in Sri Lanka. Med Vet Entomol. 2000 Dec;14(4):430-6.

Using wild-caught adult mosquitoes from light traps, log dosage-probit mortality curves for insecticide bioassays were obtained for three insecticides: malathion (organophosphate), propoxur (carbamate) and permethrin (pyrethroid).
Both species were tested for activity levels of detoxifying glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) and malathion-specific as well as general carboxylesterases.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18755020 Perera MD, Hemingway J, Karunaratne SP: Multiple insecticide resistance mechanisms involving metabolic changes and insensitive target sites selected in anopheline vectors of malaria in Sri Lanka. Malar J. 2008 Aug 28;7:168.

METHODS: Adult females were exposed to the WHO discriminating dosages of DDT, malathion, fenitrothion, propoxur, lambda-cyhalothrin, cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, permethrin and etofenprox.
The presence of metabolic resistance by esterase, glutathione S-transferase (GST) and monooxygenase-based mechanisms, and the sensitivity of the acetylcholinesterase target site were assessed using synergists, and biochemical, and metabolic techniques.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
10774652 Karunaratne SH: Insecticide cross-resistance spectra and underlying resistance mechanisms of Sri Lankan anopheline vectors of malaria. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 1999 Sep;30(3):460-9.

Higher glutathione-S-transferase activity was marked in An. subpictus.
Adult and larval bioassays were carried out to obtain log-probit mortality lines for malathion, propoxur, permethrin and chlorpyrifos.
1(0,0,0,1) Details