Protein Information

Name pyruvate carboxylase
Synonyms PC; PCB; Pyruvate carboxylase; Pyruvic carboxylase; Pyruvate carboxylases; Pyruvic carboxylases; Carboxylase, pyruvate

Compound Information

Name oxamate
CAS hexyl 2-(diethylamino)-2-oxoacetate

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
3963816 Martin-Requero A, Ayuso MS, Parrilla R: Interaction of oxamate with the gluconeogenic pathway in rat liver. . Arch Biochem Biophys. 1986 Apr;246(1):114-27.

The following observations indicate that oxamate inhibits flux through pyruvate carboxylase: accumulation of substrates and decreased concentration of all metabolic intermediates beyond pyruvate; decreased levels of aspartate, glutamate, and alanine; and enhanced ketone body production, which is a sensitive indicator of decreased mitochondrial free oxaloacetate levels.
163(2,2,2,3) Details
3814578 Attwood PV, Cleland WW: Decarboxylation of oxalacetate by pyruvate carboxylase. . Biochemistry. 1986 Dec 16;25(25):8191-6.

The decarboxylation of oxalacetate by pyruvate carboxylase in the absence of ADP and Pi is stimulated 400-fold by the presence of oxamate, which is an inhibitory analogue of pyruvate.
33(0,1,1,3) Details
19341298 Zeczycki TN, St Maurice M, Jitrapakdee S, Wallace JC, Attwood PV, Cleland WW: Insight into the carboxyl transferase domain mechanism of pyruvate carboxylase from Rhizobium etli. Biochemistry. 2009 May 26;48(20):4305-13.

The effects of mutations in the active site of the carboxyl transferase domain of Rhizobium etli pyruvate carboxylase have been determined for the forward reaction to form oxaloacetate, the reverse reaction to form MgATP, the oxamate-induced decarboxylation of oxaloacetate, the phosphorylation of MgADP by carbamoyl phosphate, and the bicarbonate-dependent ATPase reaction.
32(0,1,1,2) Details
20230056 Duangpan S, Jitrapakdee S, Adina-Zada A, Byrne L, Zeczycki TN, St Maurice M, Cleland WW, Wallace JC, Attwood PV: Probing the Catalytic Roles of Arg548 and Gln552 in the Carboxyl Transferase Domain of the Rhizobium etli Pyruvate Carboxylase by Site-Directed Mutagenesis. Biochemistry. 2010 Mar 25.

The effects of oxamate on the catalysis in the biotin carboxylase domain by the R548K and Q552N mutants were similar to those on the catalysis of reactions by the wild-type enzyme.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
8512310 Werneburg BG, Ash DE: Chemical modifications of chicken liver pyruvate carboxylase: evidence for essential cysteine-lysine pairs and a reactive sulfhydryl group. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1993 Jun;303(2):214-21.

Enzyme modified with 2 equivalents of isoindole retained only 7% of the oxamate-induced, ADP/Pi-independent oxaloacetate decarboxylase activity, suggesting that there is at least one essential cysteine-lysine ion pair at or near the second subsite.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
1445229 Attwood PV, Graneri BD: Bicarbonate-dependent ATP cleavage catalysed by pyruvate carboxylase in the absence of pyruvate. Biochem J. 1992 Nov 1;287 ( Pt 3):1011-7.

The HCO3 (-)-dependent MgATP cleavage is also sensitive to inhibition by a pyruvate carboxylase inhibitor, oxamate, and the dependence of the reaction on the free Mg2+ concentration is similar to that of the pyruvate-carboxylation reaction, whereas the HCO3 (-)-independent MgATP cleavage is not dependent on the concentration of free Mg2+ in the range tested.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
7340821 Goodall GJ, Baldwin GS, Wallace JC, Keech DB: Factors that influence the translocation of the N-carboxybiotin moiety between the two sub-sites of pyruvate carboxylase. Biochem J. 1981 Dec 1;199(3):603-9.

At low concentrations pyruvate induces this movement but does not efficiently act as a carboxy-group acceptor; hydroxypyruvate, glyoxylate and oxamate, though not carboxylated, still induce the movement.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
15030490 Sueda S, Islam MN, Kondo H: Protein engineering of pyruvate carboxylase: investigation on the function of acetyl-CoA and the quaternary structure. Eur J Biochem. 2004 Apr;271(7):1391-400.

The two proteins thus formed, PC-(BC) and PC-(CT+BCCP), retained their catalytic activity as assayed by biotin-dependent ATPase and oxamate-dependent oxalacetate decarboxylation, for the former and the latter, respectively.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
19683593 Si Y, Shi H, Lee K: Impact of perturbed pyruvate metabolism on adipocyte triglyceride accumulation. Metab Eng. 2009 Nov;11(6):382-90. Epub 2009 Aug 14.


We treated cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes with chemical inhibitors of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and pyruvate carboxylase (PC), and characterized their global effects on intermediary metabolism using metabolic flux and isotopomer analysis.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
3028472 Attwood PV, Tipton PA, Cleland WW: Carbon-13 and deuterium isotope effects on oxalacetate decarboxylation by pyruvate carboxylase. Biochemistry. 1986 Dec 16;25(25):8197-205.

The reduction in the magnitude of the 13C isotope effect for the oxamate-dependent decarboxylation of oxalacetate from 1.0238 to 1.0155 when the reaction was performed in D2O (primary deuterum isotope effect = 2.1) clearly indicates that the transfer of the proton and carboxyl group between biotin and pyruvate does not occur via a single concerted reaction.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
3771515 Martin-Requero A, Ayuso MS, Parrilla R: Rate-limiting steps for hepatic gluconeogenesis. J Biol Chem. 1986 Oct 25;261(30):13973-8.


Mechanism of oxamate inhibition of mitochondrial pyruvate metabolism..
0(0,0,0,0) Details