Protein Information

Name catalase
Synonyms CAT; Catalase; Erythrocyte derived growth promoting factor; Carnitine O acetyltransferase; Carnitine acetylase; Carnitine acetyltransferase; CAT; Catalases…

Compound Information

Name eugenol
CAS 2-methoxy-4-(2-propen-1-yl)phenol

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
10865886 Vidhya N, Devaraj SN: Antioxidant effect of eugenol in rat intestine. . Indian J Exp Biol. 1999 Dec;37(12):1192-5.

The level of lipid peroxidation products (TBARS) and the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were found to be near normal on eugenol treatment.
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16640638 Ho YC, Huang FM, Chang YC: Mechanisms of cytotoxicity of eugenol in human osteoblastic cells in vitro. Int Endod J. 2006 May;39(5):389-93.

Furthermore, the effects of antioxidants catalase (scavenger of H2O2), superoxide dismutase (SOD, an extracellular superoxide free radical scavenger) and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC, a cell-permeable glutathione precursor) were added to discover the possible mechanisms of eugenol-induced cytotoxicity.
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10814876 Chen CL, Chi CW, Liu TY: Enhanced hydroxychavicol-induced cytotoxic effects in glutathione-depleted HepG2 cells. Cancer Lett. 2000 Jul 3;155(1):29-35.


Addition of catalase or N-acetylcysteine prevented the BSO plus HC-mediated cytotoxicity.
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15934011 Huang FM, Chou LS, Chou MY, Chang YC: Protective effect of NAC on formaldehyde-containing-ZOE-based root-canal-sealers-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression and cytotoxicity in human osteoblastic cells. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2005 Aug;74(2):768-73.


The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of antioxidants such as catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) on N2- and endomethasone-induced COX-2 mRNA gene and cytotoxicity in human osteoblastic cell line U2OS cells.
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11424226 Rauscher FM, Sanders RA, Watkins JB 3rd: Effects of isoeugenol on oxidative stress pathways in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2001;15(3):159-64.


Liver, kidney, brain, and heart were assayed for degree of lipid peroxidation, reduced and oxidized glutathione content, and activities of the free radical-detoxifying enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase.
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8137307 Li Y, Trush MA: Reactive oxygen-dependent DNA damage resulting from the oxidation of phenolic compounds by a copper-redox cycle mechanism. Cancer Res. 1994 Apr 1;54(7 Suppl):1895s-1898s.

In the presence of micromolar concentrations of Cu (II), DNA strand breaks were induced by 1,4-HQ and other phenolic compounds including 4,4'-biphenol, catechol, 1,2,4-benzenetriol, 2-methoxyestradiol, 2-hydroxyestradiol, diethylstilbestrol, butylated hydroxytoluene, butylated hydroxyanisole, tert-butylhydroquinone, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, eugenol, 2-acetamidophenol, and acetaminophen.
In addition, the induced DNA strand breaks could be inhibited by bathocuproinedisulfonic acid, a Cu (I)-specific chelator, or catalase indicating that a Cu (II)/Cu (I) redox cycle and H2O2 generation are two major determinants involved in the observed DNA damage.
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14704856 Jeng JH, Wang YJ, Chang WH, Wu HL, Li CH, Uang BJ, Kang JJ, Lee JJ, Hahn LJ, Lin BR, Chang MC: Reactive oxygen species are crucial for hydroxychavicol toxicity toward KB epithelial cells. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2004 Jan;61(1):83-96.


N-acetyl-L-cysteine (1 mM), superoxide dismutase (100 U/ml) and catalase (1000 U/ml) were effective in prevention of HC-induced GSH depletion (as indicated by chloromethylfluorescein fluorescence), reactive oxygen species (ROS) production (by dichlorofluorescein fluorescence), cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.
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12860316 Ramos A, Visozo A, Piloto J, Garcia A, Rodriguez CA, Rivero R: Screening of antimutagenicity via antioxidant activity in Cuban medicinal plants. J Ethnopharmacol. 2003 Aug;87(2-3):241-6.

A role of antioxidant enzymes is presumed in this case, as judged by a different response in the isogenic Escherichia coli IC 203 deficient in catalase and alkyl hydroperoxide reductase and the discrete inhibition of oxidative mutagenesis also observed when pre-treatment of the extract was assayed.
Eugenol, the main constituent of the essential oil of Pimenta dioica, also inhibited oxidative mutagenesis by TBH in Escherichia coli, at concentrations ranging from 150 to 400 micro g/plate.
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8921515 Lee-Chen SF, Chen CL, Ho LY, Hsu PC, Chang JT, Sun CM, Chi CW, Liu TY: Role of oxidative DNA damage in hydroxychavicol-induced genotoxicity. . Mutagenesis. 1996 Sep;11(5):519-23.


This increase in revertants was partially inhibited by catalase and superoxide dismutase.
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20104265 Suanarunsawat T, Devakul Na Ayutthaya W, Songsak T, Thirawarapan S, Poungshompoo S: Antioxidant Activity and Lipid-Lowering Effect of Essential Oils Extracted from Ocimum sanctum L. J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2010 Jan;46(1):52-9. Epub 2009 Dec 29.

The results showed that phenyl propanoid compounds including eugenol and methyl eugenol were the major constituents of EO.
In addition, EO was found to decrease the high levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) without impacting catalase (CAT) in the cardiac tissue while in the liver, it decreased high level of TBARS without significantly effecting GPx, SOD and CAT.
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18493839 Rao CV, Vijayakumar M, Sairam K, Kumar V: Antidiarrhoeal activity of the standardised extract of Cinnamomum tamala in experimental rats. J Nat Med. 2008 Oct;62(4):396-402. Epub 2008 May 21.

C. tamala significantly reduced the lipid peroxidation (P < 0.001) and increased the catalase (P < 0.01) activity in comparison to the castor oil-induced groups.
The percentage of eugenol in extract is 3.8% w/w, and total tannin is 247.5 mg/g.
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9525278 Bodell WJ, Ye Q, Pathak DN, Pongracz K: Oxidation of eugenol to form DNA adducts and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine: role of quinone methide derivative in DNA adduct formation. Carcinogenesis. 1998 Mar;19(3):437-43.

Copper sulfate produced a 95-fold increase in the level of oxidative base damage, which was significantly inhibited by the addition of either bathocuproinedisulphonic acid or catalase.
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15576237 Sakano K, Inagaki Y, Oikawa S, Hiraku Y, Kawanishi S: Copper-mediated oxidative DNA damage induced by eugenol: possible involvement of O-demethylation. Mutat Res. 2004 Dec 31;565(1):35-44.

DNA damage was inhibited by both catalase and bathocuproine, suggesting that H2O2 and Cu (I) are involved.
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17329831 Kabuto H, Tada M, Kohno M: Eugenol [2-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl) phenol] prevents 6-hydroxydopamine-induced dopamine depression and lipid peroxidation inductivity in mouse striatum. Biol Pharm Bull. 2007 Mar;30(3):423-7.

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7844474 Wright SE, Baron DA, Heffner JE: Intravenous eugenol causes hemorrhagic lung edema in rats: proposed oxidant mechanisms. J Lab Clin Med. 1995 Feb;125(2):257-64.

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