Protein Information

Name SNAP 25
Synonyms RIC 4; RIC4; SEC 9; SEC9; SNAP; SNAP 25; SNAP25; SUP…

Compound Information

Name TEPP
CAS tetraethyl diphosphate

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
19256469 Henkel JS, Jacobson M, Tepp W, Pier C, Johnson EA, Barbieri JT: Catalytic properties of botulinum neurotoxin subtypes A3 and A4. Biochemistry. 2009 Mar 24;48(11):2522-8.


Alignment studies predicted that BoNT/A3 and BoNT/A4 were sufficiently different from BoNT/A1 to affect SNAP25 binding and cleavage.
4(0,0,0,4) Details
15465919 Dong M, Tepp WH, Johnson EA, Chapman ER: Using fluorescent sensors to detect botulinum neurotoxin activity in vitro and in living cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Oct 12;101(41):14701-6. Epub 2004 Oct 1.


To detect toxin activity, fragments of the toxin substrate proteins, synaptobrevin (Syb) or synaptosome-associated protein of 25 kDa (SNAP-25), were used to link cyan fluorescent protein (CFP) to yellow fluorescent protein (YFP).
4(0,0,0,4) Details
19253949 Frisk ML, Tepp WH, Johnson EA, Beebe DJ: Self-assembled peptide monolayers as a toxin sensing mechanism within arrayed microchannels. Anal Chem. 2009 Apr 1;81(7):2760-7.


SAMs consisting of an immobilized synthetic peptide that mimicked the toxin's in vivo SNAP-25 protein substrate were formed on Au and interfaced with arrayed microfluidic channels.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17967862 Pier CL, Tepp WH, Bradshaw M, Johnson EA, Barbieri JT, Baldwin MR: Recombinant holotoxoid vaccine against botulism. . Infect Immun. 2008 Jan;76(1):437-42. Epub 2007 Oct 29.


BoNT/A (RYM) was noncatalytic for SNAP25 and nontoxic for mice.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15009541 Sukonpan C, Oost T, Goodnough M, Tepp W, Johnson EA, Rich DH: Synthesis of substrates and inhibitors of botulinum neurotoxin type A metalloprotease. J Pept Res. 2004 Feb;63(2):181-93.


We confirm that an effective substrate sequence for BoNT/A metalloprotease is a 17-mer peptide corresponding to residues 187-203 of SNAP-25.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16938310 Arndt JW, Jacobson MJ, Abola EE, Forsyth CM, Tepp WH, Marks JD, Johnson EA, Stevens RC: A structural perspective of the sequence variability within botulinum neurotoxin subtypes A1-A4. J Mol Biol. 2006 Sep 29;362(4):733-42. Epub 2006 Jul 27.


Using sequence analysis, available functional data, molecular modeling, and comparison of models with the crystal structures of BoNT/A1 and the light chain of BoNT/A2, we conclude that these sequence differences within subtypes will impact development of broad-spectrum antibody and small ligand therapeutics, and suggest dissimilarities in binding affinity and cleavage efficiency of the SNAP-25 substrate.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16323041 Dasgupta BR, Antharavally BS, Tepp W, Evenson ML: Botulinum neurotoxin types A, B, and E: fragmentations by autoproteolysis and other mechanisms including by O-phenanthroline-dithiothreitol, and association of the dinucleotides NAD (+)/NADH with the heavy chain of the three neurotoxins. Protein J. 2005 Aug;24(6):337-68.


The self-cleavage of the NTs at specific sites prompted us to search for specific binding sites on the NTs analogous to SNARE-motifs-the 9-residuelong motifs present on the NT's natural substrates (SNAP-25, syntaxin, VAMP/synaptobrevin); such putative binding motifs (sites) noted on all clostridial NTs are reported here.
1(0,0,0,1) Details