Protein Information

Name TNFalpha
Synonyms Cachectin; DIF; TNF; TNF alpha; TNF a; TNFA; TNFSF 2; TNFSF2…

Compound Information

Name eugenol
CAS 2-methoxy-4-(2-propen-1-yl)phenol

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
17509409 Lee YY, Hung SL, Pai SF, Lee YH, Yang SF: Eugenol suppressed the expression of lipopolysaccharide-induced proinflammatory mediators in human macrophages. J Endod. 2007 Jun;33(6):698-702. Epub 2007 Apr 2.

Eugenol was shown to block the release of the bone resorbing mediators, including interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and prostaglandin E2 from LPS-stimulated macrophages.
81(1,1,1,1) Details
9508673 Kim HM, Lee EH, Kim CY, Chung JG, Kim SH, Lim JP, Shin TY: Antianaphylactic properties of eugenol. . Pharmacol Res. 1997 Dec;36(6):475-80.

Moreover, Eugenol (10 micrograms ml-1) had a significant inhibitory effect on anti-DNP IgE-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha production.
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15220653 Perassi FT, Filho IB, Berbert FL, Carlos IZ, de Toledo Leonardo R: Secretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha by mouse peritoneal macrophages in the presence of dental sealers, sealapex and endomethasone. J Endod. 2004 Jul;30(7):534-7.

The solutions containing the calcium hydroxide-based root canal sealer (Sealapex) released fewer units of TNF-alpha than solutions containing the zinc oxide and eugenol-based sealer (Endomethasone).
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20036707 Yogalakshmi B, Viswanathan P, Anuradha CV: Investigation of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and DNA-protective properties of eugenol in thioacetamide-induced liver injury in rats. Toxicology. 2010 Feb 9;268(3):204-12. Epub 2009 Dec 29.

Markers of liver injury (aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase and bilirubin), inflammation (myeloperoxidase, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6), oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation indices, protein carbonyl and antioxidant status) and cytochrome P4502E1 activity were assessed.
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18573934 Sharma S, Khan IA, Ali I, Ali F, Kumar M, Kumar A, Johri RK, Abdullah ST, Bani S, Pandey A, Suri KA, Gupta BD, Satti NK, Dutt P, Qazi GN: Evaluation of the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of hydroxychavicol for its potential use as an oral care agent. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009 Jan;53(1):216-22. Epub 2008 Jun 23.


This was evident from its concentration-dependent inhibition of lipid peroxidation and significant suppression of tumor necrosis factor alpha expression in human neutrophils.
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19249596 Huang FM, Lee SS, Yang SF, Chang YC: Up-regulation of receptor activator nuclear factor-kappaB ligand expression by root canal sealers in human osteoblastic cells. J Endod. 2009 Mar;35(3):363-6.


A recently identified tumor necrosis factor family molecule, receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL), plays a critical role in the development of osteoclasts that result in bone resorption.
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11033063 Guironnet G, Dalbiez-Gauthier C, Rousset F, Schmitt D, Peguet-Navarro J: In vitro human T cell sensitization to haptens by monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Toxicol In Vitro. 2000 Dec;14(6):517-22.

Monocytes were purified from the peripheral blood of healthy donors and cultured for 6-8 days in the presence of GM/CSF and IL-4 and then for 2 days in the presence of GM/CSF and TNFalpha.
The prohaptens eugenol and isoeugenol induced significant proliferation in one out of eight and in four out of 12 experiments, respectively.
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10871845 Chainy GB, Manna SK, Chaturvedi MM, Aggarwal BB: Anethole blocks both early and late cellular responses transduced by tumor necrosis factor: effect on NF-kappaB, AP-1, JNK, MAPKK and apoptosis. Oncogene. 2000 Jun 8;19(25):2943-50.

The anethole analogues eugenol and isoeugenol also blocked TNF signaling.
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19775730 Gencoglu N, Sener G, Omurtag GZ, Tozan A, Uslu B, Arbak S, Helvacioglu D: Comparision of biocompatibility and cytotoxicity of two new root canal sealers. Acta Histochem. 2009 Sep 21.

The aim of this study was to investigate the remote organ toxicity and connective tissue reaction of two new root canal sealers ("GuttaFlow ((R))" and "EndoREZ ((R))") and to compare them with zinc oxide eugenol sealer using biochemical and histopathological parameters.
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were also assayed in serum samples.
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