Protein Information

Name steroidogenic acute regulatory protein
Synonyms Cholesterol trafficker; STAR; STARD 1; STARD1; Start domain containing protein 1; Steroidogenic acute regulator; Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein; Start domain containing protein 1s…

Compound Information

Name dibutyl phthalate
CAS dibutyl 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
16999944 Wang Y, Song L, Hong X, Cui L, Zhang Z, Xiao H, Zhou J, Wang X: Low concentrations mono-butyl phthalate stimulates steroidogenesis by facilitating steroidogenic acute regulatory protein expression in mouse Leydig tumor cells (MLTC-1). Chem Biol Interact. 2006 Dec 1;164(1-2):15-24. Epub 2006 Sep 1.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
17379624 Plummer S, Sharpe RM, Hallmark N, Mahood IK, Elcombe C: Time-dependent and compartment-specific effects of in utero exposure to Di (n-butyl) phthalate on gene/protein expression in the fetal rat testis as revealed by transcription profiling and laser capture microdissection. Toxicol Sci. 2007 Jun;97(2):520-32. Epub 2007 Mar 22.


At e17.5-19.5, reduced expression of genes involved in cholesterol uptake/metabolism and steroidogenesis was identified in DBP-exposed animals, including scavenger receptor B1 (SCARB1), HMGCoA synthase, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, Cyp11a, and Cyp17.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15987825 Thompson CJ, Ross SM, Hensley J, Liu K, Heinze SC, Young SS, Gaido KW: Differential steroidogenic gene expression in the fetal adrenal gland versus the testis and rapid and dynamic response of the fetal testis to di (n-butyl) phthalate. Biol Reprod. 2005 Nov;73(5):908-17. Epub 2005 Jun 29.


A DBP time-course experiment showed that testicular steroidogenesis was decreased within 1 h of DBP exposure and that this decrease preceded the repressed transcription of Star (steroidogenic acute regulatory protein); Scarb1 (scavenger receptor class B, member 1; also know as Sr-b1); Cyp11a1 (cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily a, polypeptide 1; also known as P450SCC); and Cyp17a1 (cytochrome P450 family 17, subfamily a, polypeptide 1; also known as Cyp17).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15141095 Lehmann KP, Phillips S, Sar M, Foster PM, Gaido KW: Dose-dependent alterations in gene expression and testosterone synthesis in the fetal testes of male rats exposed to di (n-butyl) phthalate. Toxicol Sci. 2004 Sep;81(1):60-8. Epub 2004 May 12.


DBP exposure resulted in significant dose-dependent reductions in mRNA and protein concentration of scavenger receptor, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage, 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, and cytochrome P450c17.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
14617579 Thompson CJ, Ross SM, Gaido KW: Di (n-butyl) phthalate impairs cholesterol transport and steroidogenesis in the fetal rat testis through a rapid and reversible mechanism. Endocrinology. 2004 Mar;145(3):1227-37. Epub 2003 Nov 14.


Significant decreases in testosterone production and mRNA expression of scavenger receptor B1, P450 (SCC), steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, and cytochrome p450c17 were observed as early as gd 17.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19585553 Struve MF, Gaido KW, Hensley JB, Lehmann KP, Ross SM, Sochaski MA, Willson GA, Dorman DC: Reproductive toxicity and pharmacokinetics of di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) following dietary exposure of pregnant rats. Birth Defects Res B Dev Reprod Toxicol. 2009 Aug;86(4):345-54.


DBP dietary exposure resulted in significant dose-dependent reductions in testicular mRNA concentration of scavenger receptor class B, member 1; steroidogenic acute regulatory protein; cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily a, polypeptide 1; and cytochrome P450 family 17, subfamily a, polypeptide 1.
1(0,0,0,1) Details