Protein Information

Name follicle stimulating hormone (protein family or complex)
Synonyms Follicle stimulating hormone; Follitropin; Follitropins

Compound Information

Name dibutyl phthalate
CAS dibutyl 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
15363597 Lee KY, Shibutani M, Takagi H, Kato N, Takigami S, Uneyama C, Hirose M: Diverse developmental toxicity of di-n-butyl phthalate in both sexes of rat offspring after maternal exposure during the period from late gestation through lactation. Toxicology. 2004 Oct 15;203(1-3):221-38.


At this time point, population changes of pituitary hormone-immunoreactive cells were observed at 10,000 ppm with a similar pattern of increase in the percentages of luteinizing hormone (LH)-positive and decrease in follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and prolactin producing cells in both sexes, effects also being evident on FSH from 200 ppm and LH from 2000 ppm in females.
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15938851 Wang YB, Song L, Zhu ZP, Chen JF, Wang XR: [Effects of dibutyl phthalate on sertoli cells of rat testis] . Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2005 May;39(3):179-81.

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) was analysed by radioimmunoassay.
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17107847 Pan G, Hanaoka T, Yoshimura M, Zhang S, Wang P, Tsukino H, Inoue K, Nakazawa H, Tsugane S, Takahashi K: Decreased serum free testosterone in workers exposed to high levels of di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP): a cross-sectional study in China. Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Nov;114(11):1643-8.


OBJECTIVE: Our objective in this study was to assess the effect of occupational exposure to high levels of phthalate esters on the balance of gonadotropin and gonadal hormones including luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, free testosterone (fT), and estradiol.
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17822133 Janjua NR, Mortensen GK, Andersson AM, Kongshoj B, Skakkebaek NE, Wulf HC: Systemic uptake of diethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, and butyl paraben following whole-body topical application and reproductive and thyroid hormone levels in humans. Environ Sci Technol. 2007 Aug 1;41(15):5564-70.

The concentrations of BP and the main phthalate metabolites monoethyl (MEP) and monobutyl phthalate (MBP) were measured in serum together with the following reproductive hormones: follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), lutenising hormone (LH), testosterone, estradiol, and inhibin B and thyroid hormones (thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), total triiodothyroxine (T3), and total thyroxine (T4)).
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2666989 Gray LE Jr, Ostby J, Ferrell J, Sigmon R, Cooper R, Linder R, Rehnberg G, Goldman J, Laskey J: Correlation of sperm and endocrine measures with reproductive success in rodents. Prog Clin Biol Res. 1989;302:193-206; discussion 206-9.

When a compound produced infertility through direct effects of testicular function (Carbendazim (MBC) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP)), then testis weight, testicular histology, and testicular sperm head counts provided sensitive indicators of toxicity.
In general, dramatic reductions in sperm production are required to induce infertility and these changes were accompanied by elevated serum luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and changes in human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)-stimulated testosterone synthesis.
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