Protein Information

Name SF 1
Synonyms AD4BP; Adrenal 4 binding protein; ELP; FTZ 1; FTZ1; FTZF 1; FTZF1; Fushi tarazu factor homolog 1…

Compound Information

Name dibutyl phthalate
CAS dibutyl 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
17884934 Kuhl AJ, Ross SM, Gaido KW: CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta, but not steroidogenic factor-1, modulates the phthalate-induced dysregulation of rat fetal testicular steroidogenesis. Endocrinology. 2007 Dec;148(12):5851-64. Epub 2007 Sep 20.

Prolonged in utero exposure of fetal male rats to dibutyl phthalate (DBP) can result in a feminized phenotype characterized by malformed epididymides, hypospadias, cryptorchidism, and retained thoracic nipples, among others.
Results demonstrated altered DNase protection at regions mapping to CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta (c/ebp beta) and steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1).
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17912698 Kuhl AJ, Ross SM, Gaido KW: Using a comparative in vivo DNase I footprinting technique to analyze changes in protein-DNA interactions following phthalate exposure. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2007;21(5):312-22.


In vivo footprinting identified three regions of altered DNase digestibility following DBP treatment, and EMSA identified the corresponding transcription factors as SF-1, c/ebp beta, and GATA4.
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15513902 Kim HS, Kim TS, Shin JH, Moon HJ, Kang IH, Kim IY, Oh JY, Han SY: Neonatal exposure to di (n-butyl) phthalate (DBP) alters male reproductive-tract development. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2004 Dec;67(23-24):2045-60.


In addition, the expressions of androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptors (ERs), and steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1) were also examined in the testes.
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