Protein Information

Name lactate dehydrogenase (protein family or complex)
Synonyms LDH; lactate dehydrogenase; lactate dehydrogenases

Compound Information

Name endosulfan
CAS 6,7,8,9,10,10-hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepin 3-oxide

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
20214973 El-Shenawy NS: Effects of insecticides fenitrothion, endosulfan and abamectin on antioxidant parameters of isolated rat hepatocytes. Toxicol In Vitro. 2010 Mar 7.

Increased leakage percentage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotranferase (AST) were detected in hepatocytes due to the same dose of insecticide exposure confirmed membrane damage of hepatocytes.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
2331326 Tripathi G, Shukla SP: Malate and lactate dehydrogenases of a freshwater catfish: impact of endosulfan. Biomed Environ Sci. 1990 Mar;3(1):52-64.

A sublethal concentration of technical grade endosulfan (END) inhibited 35 to 55% of the activities of cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase (cMDH), mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase (mMDH), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the liver and the skeletal muscle of a freshwater catfish, Clarias batrachus, after 7 days of exposure.
87(1,1,2,2) Details
15202864 Tripathi G, Verma P: Endosulfan-mediated biochemical changes in the freshwater fish Clarias batrachus. Biomed Environ Sci. 2004 Mar;17(1):47-56.

The brain lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was also reduced in response to endosulfan toxicity.
81(1,1,1,1) Details
19324396 Sarma K, Pal AK, Sahu NP, Ayyappan S, Baruah K: Dietary high protein and vitamin C mitigates endosulfan toxicity in the spotted murrel, Channa punctatus (Bloch, 1793). Sci Total Environ. 2009 Jun 1;407(12):3668-73. Epub 2009 Mar 26.

Results indicated significant reduction in the growth performance, survival, and activities of lactate dehydrogenase (liver and muscle), malate dehydrogenase (liver and muscle), enzymes of protein metabolism (aspartate amino transferase in liver and alanine amino transferase in liver and muscle), acetyl choline esterase (brain), alkaline phosphatase activity (liver), and ATPase (gill) enzymes of group fed control diet and exposed to endosulfan.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
16002328 Jaiswal A, Parihar VK, Sudheer Kumar M, Manjula SD, Krishnanand BR, Shanbhag R, Unnikrishnan MK: 5-Aminosalicylic acid reverses endosulfan-induced testicular toxicity in male rats. Mutat Res. 2005 Aug 1;585(1-2):50-9.

Endosulfan significantly increased the level of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in rats but a marked decrease was observed upon pre-treatment with 25 mg/kg bw 5-ASA.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
11382554 Sinha N, Adhikari N, K Saxena D: Effect of endosulfan during fetal gonadal differentiation on spermatogenesis in rats. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2001 Jun;10(1-2):29-32.

Exposure to endosulfan during fetal gonadal differentiation altered the process of spermatogenesis by affecting testicular lactate dehydrogenase and sorbitol dehydrogenase.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
10453913 Sinha N, Adhikari N, Narayan R, Saxena DK: Cytotoxic effect of endosulfan on rat Sertoli-germ cell coculture. Reprod Toxicol. 1999 Jul-Aug;13(4):291-4.

Substantial leakage of the cytosolic enzyme lactate dehydrogenase was observed in the medium after 24 and 48 h endosulfan treatment at concentrations of 20 to 80 microM.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
11701388 Bayoumi AE, Garcia-Fernandez AJ, Ordonez C, Perez-Pertejo Y, Cubria JC, Reguera RM, Balana-Fouce R, Ordonez D: Cyclodiene organochlorine insecticide-induced alterations in the sulfur-redox cycle in CHO-K1 cells. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2001 Nov;130(3):315-23.

The effect of the cyclodiene organochlorine pesticides aldrin, dieldrin and endosulfan was assessed on CHO-K1 cultures at fractions of their lethal doses, determined by the neutral red (NRI) incorporation assay (NRI6.25, NRI12.5 and NRI25).
Changes in cell membrane integrity were assessed by the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay and lipid peroxidation for a wide range of pesticide concentrations.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18205731 Omurtag GZ, Tozan A, Sehirli AO, Sener G: Melatonin protects against endosulfan-induced oxidative tissue damage in rats. J Pineal Res. 2008 May;44(4):432-8. Epub 2008 Jan 15.

Furthermore, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine levels, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity were measured in the serum samples, while tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-beta (IL-beta) and total antioxidant capacity (AOC) were assayed in plasma samples.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19781625 Rana I, Shivanandappa T: Mechanism of potentiation of endosulfan cytotoxicity by thiram in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. Toxicol In Vitro. 2010 Feb;24(1):40-4. Epub 2009 Sep 23.

The cell death induced by the pesticides was of necrotic type as confirmed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
10581123 Ribeiro S, Guilhermino L, Sousa JP, Soares AM: Novel bioassay based on acetylcholinesterase and lactate dehydrogenase activities to evaluate the toxicity of chemicals to soil isopods. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 1999 Nov;44(3):287-93.

The in vivo effects of the insecticides parathion-ethyl and endosulfan-sulfate on AChE and LDH activities of P. dilatatus under laboratory conditions were investigated.
1(0,0,0,1) Details