Protein Information

Name beta glucuronidase
Synonyms Beta glucuronidase; Beta G1; Beta glucuronidase precursor; GUSB; MPS 7; MPS7; Beta G1s; Beta glucuronidase precursors

Compound Information

Name cresol
CAS methylphenol

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
15177071 Morinaga Y, Fuke C, Arao T, Miyazaki T: Quantitative analysis of cresol and its metabolites in biological materials and distribution in rats after oral administration. Leg Med. 2004 Mar;6(1):32-40.

It was necessary for the quantitative analysis of cresol sulfate in organs to add the saccharolactone (d-saccharic acid 1,4-lactone) as an inhibitor for beta-glucuronidase.
87(1,1,2,2) Details
9448067 Dills RL, Bellamy GM, Kalman DA: Quantitation of o-, m- and p-cresol and deuterated analogs in human urine by gas chromatography with electron capture detection. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 1997 Dec 5;703(1-2):105-13.

Cresol glucuronides and sulfates in urine were hydrolyzed with beta-glucuronidase and arylsulfatase.
81(1,1,1,1) Details
9145445 Ballongue J, Schumann C, Quignon P: Effects of lactulose and lactitol on colonic microflora and enzymatic activity. Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl. 1997;222:41-4.

These variations in colonic flora had the following consequences: (i) a reduced activity of pro-carcinogenic enzymes: azoreductase, 7 alpha-dehydroxylase, beta-glucuronidase, nitroreductase and urease activity; (ii) a global increase of short-chain fatty acids in faeces; (iii) an effect on pH and moisture of faeces, and (iv) also on aromatic compounds such as phenol, cresol, indole and skatol.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
12808165 Lesaffer G, De Smet R, Belpaire FM, Van Vlem B, Van Hulle M, Cornelis R, Lameire N, Vanholder R: Urinary excretion of the uraemic toxin p-cresol in the rat: contribution of glucuronidation to its metabolization. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2003 Jul;18(7):1299-306.


To evaluate the presence of p-cresol metabolites, beta-glucuronidase was added to urine samples and the isolated unidentified chromatographic peak observed in previous experiments was submitted to tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
8283290 Ling WH, Korpela R, Mykkanen H, Salminen S, Hanninen O: Lactobacillus strain GG supplementation decreases colonic hydrolytic and reductive enzyme activities in healthy female adults. J Nutr. 1994 Jan;124(1):18-23.


GG) and/or fiber supplements on fecal enzyme activities (beta-glucuronidase, nitroreductase, beta-glucosidase, glycocholic acid hydrolase, urease) and on bacterial metabolites in urine (phenol, p-cresol) were studied in 64 females, 20-41 y old.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
12654169 Heavey PM, Savage SA, Parrett A, Cecchini C, Edwards CA, Rowland IR: Protein-degradation products and bacterial enzyme activities in faeces of breast-fed and formula-fed infants. Br J Nutr. 2003 Apr;89(4):509-15.


In pre-weaned infants, faecal NH3 concentration and beta-glucuronidase activity were the only endpoints that were significantly different in breast-fed and formula-fed infants (P <0.001 and P <0.05 respectively).
2(0,0,0,2) Details
1657742 Fujiwara S, Hirota T, Nakazato H, Muzutani T, Mitsuoka T: Effect of Konjac mannan on intestinal microbial metabolism in mice bearing human flora and in conventional F344 rats. Food Chem Toxicol. 1991 Sep;29(9):601-6.


Dietary KM led to a significant reduction in faecal beta-glucuronidase, nitroreductase and azoreductase activities, and in the production of phenol and indole in the faeces of conventional F344 rats.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
3439190 Foster GD, Crosby DG: Comparative metabolism of nitroaromatic compounds in freshwater, brackish water and marine decapod crustaceans. Xenobiotica. 1987 Dec;17(12):1393-404.


The unknown conjugates formed by ridgeback prawns had chromatographic properties similar to the corresponding beta-D-glucosides but were refractory to the deconjugation by alpha- or beta-glucosidase, beta-galactosidase, aryl sulphatase and beta-glucuronidase.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
1552366 Ling WH, Hanninen O: Shifting from a conventional diet to an uncooked vegan diet reversibly alters fecal hydrolytic activities in humans. J Nutr. 1992 Apr;122(4):924-30.


The activity of fecal urease significantly decreased (by 66%) as did cholylglycine hydrolase (55%), beta-glucuronidase (33%) and beta-glucosidase (40%) within 1 wk of beginning the vegan diet.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12663299 McIntosh GH, Noakes M, Royle PJ, Foster PR: Whole-grain rye and wheat foods and markers of bowel health in overweight middle-aged men. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003 Apr;77(4):967-74.


RESULTS: Both high-fiber rye and wheat foods increased fecal output by 33-36% (P = 0.004) and reduced fecal beta-glucuronidase activity by 29% (P = 0.027).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12918928 McLean S, Brandon S, Davies NW, Boyle R, Foley WJ, Moore B, Pass GJ: Glucuronuria in the koala. J Chem Ecol. 2003 Jun;29(6):1465-77.


Confirmation of identity was by GC-MS after hydrolysis with beta-glucuronidase and comparison with standard compounds.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12969155 Lesaffer G, De Smet R, D'Heuvaert T, Belpaire FM, Lameire N, Vanholder R: Comparative kinetics of the uremic toxin p-cresol versus creatinine in rats with and without renal failure. Kidney Int. 2003 Oct;64(4):1365-73.


The relation between the p-cresylglucuronide peak height and the underlying amount of p-cresol was determined after hydrolysis of the glucuronide with beta-glucuronidase.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16441915 Gostner A, Blaut M, Schaffer V, Kozianowski G, Theis S, Klingeberg M, Dombrowski Y, Martin D, Ehrhardt S, Taras D, Schwiertz A, Kleessen B, Luhrs H, Schauber J, Dorbath D, Menzel T, Scheppach W: Effect of isomalt consumption on faecal microflora and colonic metabolism in healthy volunteers. Br J Nutr. 2006 Jan;95(1):40-50.


During the isomalt phase, the activity of bacterial beta-glucosidase decreased (P <0.05) whereas beta-glucuronidase, sulfatase, nitroreductase and urease remained unchanged.
1(0,0,0,1) Details