| Name | dihydrofolate reductase |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | DHFR; DHFRP 1; DHFRP1; Dihydrofolate reductase; Dihydrofolate reductases |
| Name | streptomycin |
|---|---|
| CAS |
| PubMed | Abstract | RScore(About this table) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 15650004 | Boulos A, Rolain JM, Mallet MN, Raoult D: Molecular evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility of Tropheryma whipplei in axenic medium. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2005 Feb;55(2):178-81. Epub 2005 Jan 13. RESULTS: The active compounds in axenic medium were doxycycline, macrolide compounds, penicillin G, streptomycin, rifampicin, chloramphenicol, thiamphenicol, teicoplanin, vancomycin, amoxicillin, gentamicin, aztreonam, levofloxacin and ceftriaxone, with MICs in the range 0.06-1 mg/L. |
0(0,0,0,0) | Details |
| 15713611 | Ahmed AM, Miyoshi S, Shinoda S, Shimamoto T: Molecular characterization of a multidrug-resistant strain of enteroinvasive Escherichia coli O164 isolated in Japan. J Med Microbiol. 2005 Mar;54(Pt 3):273-8. Molecular characterization of the multidrug-resistance phenotype revealed the presence of a class 1 integron containing three genes, a dihydrofolate reductase type XII gene, dfrXII, which confers resistance to trimethoprim, an aminoglycoside adenyltransferase gene, aadA2, which confers resistance to streptomycin and spectinomycin, and an ORF of unknown function. |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 17951438 | Van TT, Moutafis G, Tran LT, Coloe PJ: Antibiotic resistance in food-borne bacterial contaminants in Vietnam. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2007 Dec;73(24):7906-11. Epub 2007 Oct 19. Sequencing results revealed that the integrons harbored various gene cassettes, including aadA1, aadA2, and aadA5 (resistance to streptomycin and spectinomycin), aacA4 (resistance to aminoglycosides), the dihydrofolate reductase gene cassettes dhfrXII, dfrA1, and dhfrA17 (trimethoprim resistance), the beta-lactamase gene bla (PSE1) (ampicillin resistance), and catB3 (chloramphenicol resistance). |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 19128900 | Ahmed AM, Younis EE, Osman SA, Ishida Y, El-Khodery SA, Shimamoto T: Genetic analysis of antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from diarrheic neonatal calves. Vet Microbiol. 2009 May 12;136(3-4):397-402. Epub 2008 Dec 3. The identified antimicrobial resistance genes within class 1 integrons were dihydrofolate reductase types: dfrA1, dfrA12, dfrA15 and dfrA17, which confer resistance to trimethoprim; aminoglycoside adenyltransferase types: aadA1, aadA2, aadA5, aadA7 and aadA23, which confer resistance to streptomycin and spectinomycin; and aminoglycoside acetyltransferase gene, aac (3)-Id, which confers resistance to gentamicin and sisomicin. |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 16091439 | Ahmed AM, Kawamoto H, Inouye K, Hashiwata Y, Sakaki M, Seno M, Shimamoto T: Genomic analysis of a multidrug-resistant strain of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 causing a family outbreak in Japan. J Med Microbiol. 2005 Sep;54(Pt 9):867-72. Molecular analysis of the MDR phenotype in this unique strain revealed the presence of a class 1 integron containing two gene cassettes: a dihydrofolate reductase type 1 gene (dfrI), which confers resistance to trimethoprim, and an aminoglycoside adenyltransferase gene (aadA1), which confers resistance to streptomycin and spectinomycin. |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 19224208 | Zhang XX, Zhang T, Zhang M, Fang HH, Cheng SP: Characterization and quantification of class 1 integrons and associated gene cassettes in sewage treatment plants. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2009 Apr;82(6):1169-77. Epub 2009 Feb 18. This gene cassette array was found phylogenetically close to antibiotic resistance genes dfr17 and aadA5, encoding dihydrofolate reductase conferring resistance to trimethoprim and adenylyltransferase conferring resistance to spectinomycin/streptomycin, respectively. |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 15528650 | Szczepanowski R, Krahn I, Linke B, Goesmann A, Puhler A, Schluter A: Antibiotic multiresistance plasmid pRSB101 isolated from a wastewater treatment plant is related to plasmids residing in phytopathogenic bacteria and carries eight different resistance determinants including a multidrug transport system. Microbiology. 2004 Nov;150(Pt 11):3613-30. The variable region of the class 1 integron carries the genes dhfr1 for a dihydrofolate reductase, aadA2 for a spectinomycin/streptomycin adenylyltransferase and bla (TLA-2) for a so far unknown Ambler class A extended spectrum beta-lactamase. |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 19375408 | Ahmed AM, Younis EE, Ishida Y, Shimamoto T: Genetic basis of multidrug resistance in Salmonella enterica serovars Enteritidis and Typhimurium isolated from diarrheic calves in Egypt. Acta Trop. 2009 Aug;111(2):144-9. Epub 2009 Apr 16. The identified gene cassettes within class 1 integrons were as follows; aminoglycoside adenyltransferase type A (aadA1, aadA2 and aadA5), which confer resistance to streptomycin and spectinomycin, and dihydrofolate reductase gene cassettes (dfrA1, dfrA15 and dfrA15), which confer resistance to trimethoprim. |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 19630513 | Mathew AG, Liamthong S, Lin J, Hong Y: Evidence of class 1 integron transfer between Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. on livestock farms. Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2009 Oct;6(8):959-64. Sequence analysis revealed a 1.0 kb amplicon common to both bacteria contained an aadA1 gene cassette encoding aminoglycoside 3'-adenyltransferase, conferring resistance to streptomycin and spectinomycin. A 2.0 kb amplicon was also found in both types of bacteria from that farm, containing an aadA5 gene encoding aminoglycoside 3'-adenyltransferase, an additional reading frame, orfD, with unknown function, and a dfrA17 gene encoding dihydrofolate reductase, conferring resistance to trimethoprim. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 16481518 | Rolain JM, Raoult D: Genome comparison analysis of molecular mechanisms of resistance to antibiotics in the Rickettsia genus. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2005 Dec;1063:222-30. Finally, either folA gene (encoding dihydrofolate reductase) and/or folP gene (encoding synthase) was missing in the genome of rickettsial strains explaining the natural resistance to cotrimoxazole. Five specific ORFs related to antibiotic resistance have been identified in the genome of R. felis including a streptomycin resistance protein homologue, a class C beta-lactamase, a class D beta-lactamase, a penicillin acylase homologue, and an ABC-type multidrug transporter system. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 20192821 | Kumar A, Mukherjee S, Chakraborty R: Characterization of a novel trimethoprim resistance gene, dfrA28, in class 1 integron of an oligotrophic Acinetobacter johnsonii strain, MB52, isolated from River Mahananda, India. Microb Drug Resist. 2010 Mar;16(1):29-37. The presence of an array of two gene cassettes including a novel dihydrofolate reductase gene, dfrA28, within the variable region of the class 1 integron in an oligotrophic test strain, MB52, in a population of oligotrophic bacteria isolated from Mahananda River water, has been described. A gene for streptomycin resistance, aminoglycoside adenyl transferase aadA1, was located downstream of dfrA28. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |