Protein Information

Name estrogen receptor
Synonyms ER; ERA; ER alpha; ERalpha; ESR; ESR 1; ESR1; ESRA…

Compound Information

Name vinclozolin
CAS 3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-5-ethenyl-5-methyl-2,4-oxazolidinedione

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
15597887 Wilson VS, Cardon MC, Thornton J, Korte JJ, Ankley GT, Welch J, Gray LE Jr, Hartig PC: Cloning and in vitro expression and characterization of the androgen receptor and isolation of estrogen receptor alpha from the fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas). Environ Sci Technol. 2004 Dec 1;38(23):6314-21.

We also report affinity of the receptor for a number of environmental contaminants including the AR agonists androstenedione and 17a- and 17beta-trenbolone;AR antagonists such as p,p'-DDE, linuron, and vinclozolin; and the ER agonist 17beta-estradiol.
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14658025 Levy G, Lutz I, Kruger A, von Tumpling W, Kloas W: Retinol-binding protein as a biomarker to assess endocrine-disrupting compounds in the environment. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2004 Feb;378(3):676-83. Epub 2003 Dec 5.

Moreover, water samples from sewage-treatment plant effluents were applied to liver cells and expression levels of RBP and estrogen receptor mRNA (a known estrogenic biomarker) were detected.
Androgens testosterone and dihydrotestosterone were able to reduce RBP mRNA expression and the anti-androgen vinclozolin could abolish the mRNA synthesis-suppressing activity of the androgen dihydrotestosterone.
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11861974 Wilson VS, Bobseine K, Lambright CR, Gray LE Jr: A novel cell line, MDA-kb2, that stably expresses an androgen- and glucocorticoid-responsive reporter for the detection of hormone receptor agonists and antagonists. Toxicol Sci. 2002 Mar;66(1):69-81.

In addition, known AR antagonists, including hydroxyflutamide, vinclozolin, vinclozolin metabolites M1 and M2, p,p'-DDE, and linuron inhibited DHT-induced luciferase gene expression at appropriate concentrations in this system.
Environmental Protection Agency has proposed that in vitro assays for estrogen receptor (ER)- and androgen receptor (AR)-mediated actions be included in a Tier-I screening battery to detect hormonally active chemicals.
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11403899 Sultan C, Balaguer P, Terouanne B, Georget V, Paris F, Jeandel C, Lumbroso S, Nicolas J: Environmental xenoestrogens, antiandrogens and disorders of male sexual differentiation. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2001 Jun 10;178(1-2):99-105.

Environmental xenoestrogens (such as herbicides, pesticides, PCBs, plasticizers, and polystyrenes) that mimic estrogens or environmental antiandrogens (such as polyaromatic hydrocarbons, linuron, vinclozolin, and pp'DDE) that disturb endocrine balance, cause demasculinizing effects in the male foetus.
Several cell lines responding to estrogens have been obtained in our group, including cells with different enzymatic equipment and cells expressing chimeric receptor or natural estrogen receptors alpha and beta.
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11884232 Andersen HR, Vinggaard AM, Rasmussen TH, Gjermandsen IM, Bonefeld-Jorgensen EC: Effects of currently used pesticides in assays for estrogenicity, androgenicity, and aromatase activity in vitro. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2002 Feb 15;179(1):1-12.

Twenty-four pesticides were tested for interactions with the estrogen receptor (ER) and the androgen receptor (AR) in transactivation assays.
Pesticides (endosulfan, methiocarb, methomyl, pirimicarb, propamocarb, deltamethrin, fenpropathrin, dimethoate, chlorpyriphos, dichlorvos, tolchlofos-methyl, vinclozolin, iprodion, fenarimol, prochloraz, fosetyl-aluminum, chlorothalonil, daminozid, paclobutrazol, chlormequat chlorid, and ethephon) were selected according to their frequent use in Danish greenhouses.
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15064155 Kojima H, Katsura E, Takeuchi S, Niiyama K, Kobayashi K: Screening for estrogen and androgen receptor activities in 200 pesticides by in vitro reporter gene assays using Chinese hamster ovary cells. Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Apr;112(5):524-31.

We tested 200 pesticides, including some of their isomers and metabolites, for agonism and antagonism to two human estrogen receptor (hER) subtypes, hERalpha and hERbeta, and a human androgen receptor (hAR) by highly sensitive transactivation assays using Chinese hamster ovary cells.
In particular, the antiandrogenic activities of two diphenyl ether herbicides, chlornitrofen and chlomethoxyfen, were higher than those of vinclozolin and p,p -dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene, known AR antagonists.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16750840 Molina-Molina JM, Hillenweck A, Jouanin I, Zalko D, Cravedi JP, Fernandez MF, Pillon A, Nicolas JC, Olea N, Balaguer P: Steroid receptor profiling of vinclozolin and its primary metabolites. . Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2006 Oct 1;216(1):44-54. Epub 2006 Jun 5.

Although vinclozolin and its metabolites were characterized as anti-androgens, relatively little is known about their effects on the function of the progesterone (PR), glucocorticoid (GR), mineralocorticoid (MR) or estrogen receptors (ERalpha and ERbeta).
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16504050 Buckley J, Willingham E, Agras K, Baskin LS: Embryonic exposure to the fungicide vinclozolin causes virilization of females and alteration of progesterone receptor expression in vivo: an experimental study in mice. Environ Health. 2006 Feb 21;5:4.

At the molecular level, vinclozolin down-regulated estrogen receptor alpha mRNA in females and up-regulated progesterone receptor mRNA.
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12676605 Kojima H, Iida M, Katsura E, Kanetoshi A, Hori Y, Kobayashi K: Effects of a diphenyl ether-type herbicide, chlornitrofen, and its amino derivative on androgen and estrogen receptor activities. Environ Health Perspect. 2003 Apr;111(4):497-502.

The order of their antiandrogenic activity was CNP > vinclozolin > o,p-DDT = p,p-DDE > CNP-amino, and the order of their estrogenic activity was o,p-DDT > CNP-amino > p,p-DDT > CNP.
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15336722 Murono EP, Derk RC: The effects of the reported active metabolite of methoxychlor, 2,2-bis (p-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane, on testosterone formation by cultured Leydig cells from young adult rats. Reprod Toxicol. 2004 Nov;19(1):135-46.


A recent study reported that HPTE inhibited both basal and hCG-stimulated testosterone formation by immature and adult cultured rat Leydig cells and that this effect was mediated through the estrogen receptor.
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18252963 Buteau-Lozano H, Velasco G, Cristofari M, Balaguer P, Perrot-Applanat M: Xenoestrogens modulate vascular endothelial growth factor secretion in breast cancer cells through an estrogen receptor-dependent mechanism. J Endocrinol. 2008 Feb;196(2):399-412.

In contrast, gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane, vinclozolin, and the phthalates (mono-n-butyl ester phthalic acid, di-isononyle phthalate, and di-isodecyle phthalate) were ineffective on both VEGF secretion and estrogenic luciferase induction in these cell lines.
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17980475 Loutchanwoot P, Wuttke W, Jarry H: Effects of a 5-day treatment with vinclozolin on the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis in male rats. Toxicology. 2008 Jan 14;243(1-2):105-15. Epub 2007 Sep 29.

Our results revealed that (i) VZ decreases epididymis weights, increases serum levels of LH and T, and decreases serum TSH and total T (4) levels; (ii) VZ affects the hypothalamic expression of both estrogen receptor (ERs) subtypes, ERalpha and ERbeta; (iii) in the extrahypothalamic brain areas, VZ alters expression of ERs and androgen receptor (AR); (iv) in the pituitary, VZ up-regulates expression of the GnRH receptor, LHbeta, alpha-subunit, and TERP-1/-2; (v) in the ventral prostate, VZ increases and decreases levels of AR and ERbeta mRNA, respectively; (vi) in the seminal vesicles, VZ increases levels of AR and ERalpha mRNA expressions; (vii) in the epididymis, VZ up-regulates AR and ERbeta mRNA expression.
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15483189 Sonneveld E, Jansen HJ, Riteco JA, Brouwer A, van der Burg B: Development of androgen- and estrogen-responsive bioassays, members of a panel of human cell line-based highly selective steroid-responsive bioassays. Toxicol Sci. 2005 Jan;83(1):136-48. Epub 2004 Oct 13.

We have established highly sensitive and specific androgen and estrogen reporter cell lines which we have named AR (androgen receptor) and ERalpha (estrogen receptor alpha) CALUX (Chemically Activated LUciferase eXpression), respectively.
Flutamide, cyproterone acetate, and the environmental contaminants vinclozolin, DDT, methoxychlor, its metabolite HPTE, and penta-BFR showed clear antagonistic activity in the AR CALUX bioassay, competitively inhibiting DHT-mediated transactivation.
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