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van Wyk JH, Pool EJ, Leslie AJ: The effects of anti-androgenic and estrogenic disrupting contaminants on breeding gland (nuptial pad) morphology, plasma testosterone levels, and plasma vitellogenin levels in male Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog). Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2003 Feb;44(2):247-56.
Our results further confirm that the dicarboximide fungicide vinclozolin mimics the anti-androgenic action of flutamide.
Nuptial pads are areas, digits, and forearm characterized by epidermal keratin hooks and dermal breeding glands opening on the epidermis surface in male frogs. |
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