Protein Information

Name alcohol dehydrogenase (protein family or complex)
Synonyms ADH; alcohol dehydrogenase; alcohol dehydrogenases

Compound Information

Name sodium azide
CAS sodium azide

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
17597213 Jamal M, Ameno K, Uekita I, Kumihashi M, Wang W, Ijiri I: Catalase mediates acetaldehyde formation in the striatum of free-moving rats. Neurotoxicology. 2007 Nov;28(6):1245-8. Epub 2007 May 13.

Rats received intraperitoneal EtOH (1g/kg) alone or in combination with 4-methylpyrazole (MP, 82 mg/kg, an alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor), and/or catalase inhibitor sodium azide (AZ, 10mg/kg) or 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (AT, 1g/kg), and/or cyanamide (CY, 50mg/kg, an aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor).
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18494879 Vicente C, Fontaniella B, Millanes AM, Sebastian B, Legaz ME: Enzymatic production of atranorin: a component of the oak moss absolute by immobilized lichen cells. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2003 Apr;25(1-2):25-9.

This enhancement suggested the participation of an oxidase and an alcohol dehydrogenase to produce an aldehyde-substituted phenolic acid, hematommic acid, as the most probable precursor of atranorin.
The participation of both enzymes was confirmed by loading immobilized cells with sodium azide, an inhibitor of several metallo-oxidases, and pyrazole, an inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase, which impeded atranorin production and accumulated beta-methyl orsellinate (after azide loading) or its alcohol derivative (after pirazole treatment).
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9546603 Leskovac V, Trivic S, Anderson BM: Use of competitive dead-end inhibitors to determine the chemical mechanism of action of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase. Mol Cell Biochem. 1998 Jan;178(1-2):219-27.

In this study, we have reported the pH-dependence of dissociation constants for several competitive dead-end inhibitors of yeast enzyme froin their binary complexes with enzyme, or their ternary complexes with enzyme and NAD+ or NADH; inhibitors include: pyrazole, acetamide, sodium azide, 2-fluoroethanol, and 2,2,2-trifluorethanol.
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16930212 Zimatkin SM, Pronko SP, Vasiliou V, Gonzalez FJ, Deitrich RA: Enzymatic mechanisms of ethanol oxidation in the brain. . Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2006 Sep;30(9):1500-5.

Alcohol dehydrogenase plays a minor role, if any, in this process.
RESULTS: The catalase inhibitors sodium azide (5 mM) and aminotriazole (5 mM) as well as CYP2E1 inhibitors diallyl sulfide (2 mM) and beta-phenethyl isothiocyanate (0.1 mM) lowered significantly the accumulation of the ethanol-derived AC and acetate in brain homogenates.
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11248219 Miura T, Muraoka S, Fujimoto Y: Inactivation of creatine kinase during the interaction of indomethacin with horseradish peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide: involvement of indomethacin radicals. Chem Biol Interact. 2001 Mar 14;134(1):13-25.

Other sulfhydryl enzymes, including alcohol dehydrogenase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, were also readily inactivated during the interaction with HRP-H2O2.
Sodium azide also blocked the formation of yellow substance and the inactivation of CK.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
7814397 Sakuraba H, Noguchi T: Alcohol:NAD+ oxidoreductase is present in rat liver peroxisomes. . J Biol Chem. 1995 Jan 6;270(1):37-40.

The evidence was obtained that the enzyme differed from alcohol dehydrogenases and alcohol oxidizing systems found previously.
The enzyme activity was not affected by pyrazole, an inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase and sodium azide, an inhibitor of catalase.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
9726283 Tillonen J, Kaihovaara P, Jousimies-Somer H, Heine R, Salaspuro M: Role of catalase in in vitro acetaldehyde formation by human colonic contents. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1998 Aug;22(5):1113-9.

It is believed that bacterial acetaldehyde formation is mediated via microbial alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs).
The catalase inhibitors sodium azide and 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (3-AT) markedly reduced the amount of acetaldehyde produced from 22 mM ethanol in a concentration dependent manner compared with the control samples (0.1 mM sodium azide to 73% and 10 mM 3-AT to 67% of control).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
9794700 Haber PS, Apte MV, Applegate TL, Norton ID, Korsten MA, Pirola RC, Wilson JS: Metabolism of ethanol by rat pancreatic acinar cells. J Lab Clin Med. 1998 Oct;132(4):294-302.


Phenanthroline (an inhibitor of classes I through III isoenzymes of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)) inhibited pancreatic ethanol oxidation by 90%, but 4-methylpyrazole (a class I and II ADH inhibitor), carbon monoxide (a cytochrome P450 inhibitor), and sodium azide (a catalase inhibitor) had no effect.
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8831581 Haber PS, Gentry RT, Mak KM, Mirmiran-Yazdy SA, Greenstein RJ, Lieber CS: Metabolism of alcohol by human gastric cells: relation to first-pass metabolism. Gastroenterology. 1996 Oct;111(4):863-70.


Acetate production was inhibited by 4-methylpyrazole (a class I alcohol dehydrogenase [ADH] inhibitor) and by m-nitrobenzaldehyde (a selective substrate for class IV ADH isoenzyme) but not by sodium azide (a catalase inhibitor).
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9309319 Hamby-Mason R, Chen JJ, Schenker S, Perez A, Henderson GI: Catalase mediates acetaldehyde formation from ethanol in fetal and neonatal rat brain. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1997 Sep;21(6):1063-72.


When incubated with CAT inhibitors (sodium azide or 3-aminotriazole), AcHO formation was blocked, whereas neither the alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor, 4-methylpyrazole, nor P-450 inhibitors decreased AcHO production.
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8892520 Salmela KS, Kaihovaara P, Salaspuro M, Roine RP: Role of catalase in rat gastric mucosal ethanol metabolism in vitro. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1996 Sep;20(6):1011-5.

Both acetaldehyde formation and catalase activity peaked around the physiological pH, whereas alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity was in that pH range low and reached peak values only at a higher pH of 9 to 10.
Catalase inhibitors sodium azide (SA) and 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (3-AT) had little effect on ADH activity but markedly decreased catalase activity and acetaldehyde formation (1 mM of SA to 56 +/- 13% of control, 5 mM of 3-AT to 67 +/- 3% of control; mean +/- SE). 4-Methylpyrazole decreased ADH activity significantly, but did not affect acetaldehyde formation.
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