Protein Information

Name CD28
Synonyms CD; CD28; GSE; CELIAC 3; CELIAC3; CTLA4; ICOS; celiac disease 3…

Compound Information

Name mercuric chloride
CAS

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
17302730 Hemdan NY, Lehmann I, Wichmann G, Lehmann J, Emmrich F, Sack U: Immunomodulation by mercuric chloride in vitro: application of different cell activation pathways. Clin Exp Immunol. 2007 May;148(2):325-37. Epub 2007 Feb 14.

Human cell cultures were set up where isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells, activated by monoclonal antibodies (MoAb: anti-CD3/-CD28/-CD40) or heat-killed Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (hk-SE), exposed to mercuric chloride (HgCl2) for 24 h.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
12197880 Macphee IA, Turner DR, Yagita H, Oliveira DB: The Th2-response in mercuric chloride-induced autoimmunity requires continuing costimulation via CD28. Clin Exp Immunol. 2002 Sep;129(3):405-10.
8(0,0,1,3) Details
15494542 Pollard KM, Arnush M, Hultman P, Kono DH: Costimulation requirements of induced murine systemic autoimmune disease. . J Immunol. 2004 Nov 1;173(9):5880-7.


A number of receptor/ligand pairs have been shown to mediate costimulation, including CD28/B7 molecules (CD80 and CD86), CD40/CD40 ligand (CD40L, CD154), and LFA-1 (CD18)/ICAM-1 (CD54).
5(0,0,0,5) Details
8666905 Biancone L, Andres G, Ahn H, Lim A, Dai C, Noelle R, Yagita H, De Martino C, Stamenkovic I: Distinct regulatory roles of lymphocyte costimulatory pathways on T helper type-2 mediated autoimmune disease. J Exp Med. 1996 Apr 1;183(4):1473-81.


We assessed the role of CD40-CD40L, cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) A4/CD28-B7s, and CD2-CD48/CD58 lymphocyte costimulatory pathways in the development of mercury chloride (HgCl2)-induced autoimmune disease in mice, which is believed to be mediated by T helper (Th) subset Th2.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
11696200 MacPhee IA, Turner DR, Yagita H, Oliveira DB: CD80 (B7.1) and CD86 (B7.2) do not have distinct roles in setting the Th1/Th2 balance in autoimmunity in rats. Scand J Immunol. 2001 Nov;54(5):486-94.

Some data suggest that the interaction between CD28 and CD80 (B7.1) stimulates Th1-responses and that CD28 and CD86 (B7.2) stimulates Th2-responses, however this is controversial.
We addressed this issue by using mercuric chloride (HgCl2)-induced autoimmunity in Brown Norway (BN) rats as a highly polarized Th2 model and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in Lewis rats as a highly polarized Th1 model.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15728528 Zheng Y, Jost M, Gaughan JP, Class R, Coyle AJ, Monestier M: ICOS-B7 homologous protein interactions are necessary for mercury-induced autoimmunity. J Immunol. 2005 Mar 1;174(5):3117-21.


In this study, we explore the role of one of the members of the CD28-B7 costimulation families, ICOS-B7 homologous protein (B7h), in the regulation of mercury-induced autoimmunity.
1(0,0,0,1) Details