Protein Information

Name IL 10
Synonyms B TCGF; B cell derived T cell growth factor; CSIF; Cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor; IL 10; IL10; IL10A; Interleukin 10…

Compound Information

Name mercuric chloride
CAS

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
11934688 Miyaji T, Hu X, Star RA: alpha-Melanocyte-simulating hormone and interleukin-10 do not protect the kidney against mercuric chloride-induced injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2002 May;282(5):F795-801.

Therefore, we examined the effects of alpha-MSH and IL-10 in HgCl (2)-induced ARF.
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17302730 Hemdan NY, Lehmann I, Wichmann G, Lehmann J, Emmrich F, Sack U: Immunomodulation by mercuric chloride in vitro: application of different cell activation pathways. Clin Exp Immunol. 2007 May;148(2):325-37. Epub 2007 Feb 14.

Doses up to 0.150 and 0.5 microg/ml increased IL-10 and IL-4 production, respectively, resulting in significantly reduced Th1/Th2 ratios.
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11564444 Pelletier L, Savignac M, Xystrakis E, Duplan V, Druet P, Abdelhadi S: Self major histocompatibility complex class-II-specific regulatory CD4 T cells prevent both Th1- and Th2-mediated autoimmune diseases in the rat. Microbes Infect. 2001 Sep;3(11):955-60.


They differ from classical Th1 and Th2 cells, produce transforming growth factor-beta and interleukin-10 and exert their regulatory functions in a Th1/Th2-unrestricted fashion.
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8898950 Gillespie KM, Saoudi A, Kuhn J, Whittle CJ, Druet P, Bellon B, Mathieson PW: Th1/Th2 cytokine gene expression after mercuric chloride in susceptible and resistant rat strains. Eur J Immunol. 1996 Oct;26(10):2388-92.

Semiquantitative PCR showed increased expression of IL-2, IL-6 and IL-10 in BN; in LEW rats only IL-10 was increased.
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12490134 Jin GB, Inoue S, Urano T, Cho S, Ouchi Y, Cyong JC: Induction of anti-metallothionein antibody and mercury treatment decreases bone mineral density in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2002 Dec 1;185(2):98-110.

Similar results were also observed in splenic secretions of IL-4 and IL-10 based on anti-CD3 Ab stimulation.
Mercuric chloride (HgCl2) is an industrial agent with toxic effects on the immune system, kidney, lung, and nervous tissue, but little is known about its effect on bone.
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15588918 Ringerike T, Ulleras E, Volker R, Verlaan B, Eikeset A, Trzaska D, Adamczewska V, Olszewski M, Walczak-Drzewiecka A, Arkusz J, van Loveren H, Nilsson G, Lovik M, Dastych J, Vandebriel RJ: Detection of immunotoxicity using T-cell based cytokine reporter cell lines ("Cell Chip"). Toxicology. 2005 Jan 15;206(2):257-72.

We used this prototype "Cell Chip" to test, by means of flow cytometry, the immunomodulatory potential of 13 substances and were able to detect changes in cytokine expression in 12 cases (successful for cyclosporine, rapamycin, pentamidine, thalidomide, bis (tri-n-butyltin) oxide, house dust mite allergen (Der p I), 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, benzocaine, tolylene 2,4-diisocyanate, potassium tetrachloroplatinate, sodium dodecyl sulphate and mercuric chloride; unsuccessful for penicillin G).
The T-cell lymphoma cell line EL-4 was transfected with the regulatory sequences of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-10, interferon (IFN)-gamma or actin fused to the gene for enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) in either a stabile or a destabilised form.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18496552 Li HH, Hsu YH, Wei CC, Lee PT, Chen WC, Chang MS: Interleukin-20 induced cell death in renal epithelial cells and was associated with acute renal failure. Genes Immun. 2008 Jul;9(5):395-404. Epub 2008 May 22.


Interleukin (IL)-10 inhibits ischemic and cisplatin-induced acute renal failure.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19678760 Pilones K, Tatum A, Gavalchin J: Gestational exposure to mercury leads to persistent changes in T-cell phenotype and function in adult DBF1 mice. J Immunotoxicol. 2009 Sep;6(3):161-70.

In particular, the production of IL-4 and IFN by ConA-stimulated splenocytes from mercury-exposed male and female mice was significantly increased, while IL-2 and IL-10 levels were unaffected.
After overnight breeding to DBA/1 males, pregnant BALB/c dams were given either mercuric chloride in drinking water at 10 mg/L ad libitum for the duration of gestation or plain water.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
10330268 Jiang Y, Moller G: IL-2 may be a limiting factor precluding lymphocytes from genetically resistant mice from responding to HgCl2. Int Immunol. 1999 May;11(5):627-33.


The highest frequency of IL-10-secreting cells was found in splenocytes from A.SW mice after activation, whereas the frequency was lower in cells from BALB/c mice, followed by cells from DBA/2 mice.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12848997 Fournie GJ, Saoudi A, Druet P, Pelletier L: Th2-type immunopathological manifestations induced by mercury chloride or gold salts in the rat: signal transduction pathways, cellular mechanisms and genetic control. Autoimmun Rev. 2002 Aug;1(4):205-12.


Autoreactive T cells are also found in HgCl2-injected LEW rats but they produce TGFbeta and IL-10 and have immunoregulatory properties.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
20049214 Gardner RM, Nyland JF, Evans SL, Wang SB, Doyle KM, Crainiceanu CM, Silbergeld EK: Mercury induces an unopposed inflammatory response in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro. Environ Health Perspect. 2009 Dec;117(12):1932-8. Epub 2009 Aug 19.

PBMCs were cultured with lipopolysaccharide and concentrations of mercuric chloride (HgCl (2)) up to 200 nM.
RESULTS: We found a consistent increase in the release of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and concurrent decrease in release of the antiinflammatory cytokines interleukin 1-receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) and IL-10 in human PBMCs treated with subcytotoxic concentrations of HgCl (2).
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10447925 Szeto C, Gillespie KM, Mathieson PW: Low-dose mercuric chloride induces resistance in brown norway rats to further mercuric chloride by up-regulation of interferon-gamma. Scand J Immunol. 1999 Aug;50(2):195-201.

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