Protein Information

Name aquaporin 1
Synonyms AQP CHIP; AQP 1; AQP1; Aquaporin 1; Aquaporin CHIP; CHIP28; CO; Colton blood group…

Compound Information

Name mercuric chloride
CAS

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
1373524 Preston GM, Carroll TP, Guggino WB, Agre P: Appearance of water channels in Xenopus oocytes expressing red cell CHIP28 protein. Science. 1992 Apr 17;256(5055):385-7.

Oocytes from Xenopus laevis microinjected with in vitro-transcribed CHIP28 RNA exhibited increased osmotic water permeability; this was reversibly inhibited by mercuric chloride, a known inhibitor of water channels.
84(1,1,1,4) Details
16983930 Liakopoulos V, Zarogiannis S, Hatzoglou C, Kourti P, Poultsidi A, Eleftheriadis T, Gourgoulianis K, Molyvdas PA, Stefanidis I: Inhibition by mercuric chloride of aquaporin-1 in the parietal sheep peritoneum: an electrophysiologic study. Adv Perit Dial. 2006;22:7-10.
83(1,1,1,3) Details
15958180 Gao J, Yu H, Song Q, Li X: Establishment of HEK293 cell line expressing green fluorescent protein-aquaporin-1 to determine osmotic water permeability. Anal Biochem. 2005 Jul 1;342(1):53-8. Epub 2005 Apr 15.

The typical AQP1 inhibitor, mercuric chloride, validated this osmotic water permeability assay.
36(0,1,1,6) Details
11546649 Patil RV, Han Z, Yiming M, Yang J, Iserovich P, Wax MB, Fischbarg J: Fluid transport by human nonpigmented ciliary epithelial layers in culture: a homeostatic role for aquaporin-1. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2001 Oct;281(4):C1139-45.

Mercuric chloride, a nonspecific but potent blocker of Hg (2+)-sensitive aquaporins, and aquaporin-1 antisense oligonucleotides both partially inhibited fluid transport across the cell layers, which suggests that water channels have a role in NPE cell homeostasis.
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12172703 Voigtlaender J, Heindl B, Becker BF: Transmembrane water influx via aquaporin-1 is inhibited by barbiturates and propofol in red blood cells. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2002 Sep;366(3):209-17. Epub 2002 Jul 3.

We compared actions of mercuric chloride (HgCl (2), definitive AQP1-blocker, 0.2 microM), and different anesthetic drugs, such as thiopental (50-200 microg/ml), phenobarbital (30-220 microg/ml), propofol (15-25 microg/ml), ketamine (3.5-11 microg/ml), midazolam (0.2-32.5 microg/ml), halothane (1.5 vol%), and isoflurane (2.3 vol%); the concentrations being in the one- to threefold range of clinically relevant plasma levels.
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7677994 Preston GM, Jung JS, Guggino WB, Agre P: The mercury-sensitive residue at cysteine 189 in the CHIP28 water channel. J Biol Chem. 1993 Jan 5;268(1):17-20.

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11035042 Yang B, Ma T, Verkman AS: Erythrocyte water permeability and renal function in double knockout mice lacking aquaporin-1 and aquaporin-3. J Biol Chem. 2001 Jan 5;276(1):624-8.

7(0,0,0,7) Details
17126329 Yang B, Kim JK, Verkman AS: Comparative efficacy of HgCl2 with candidate aquaporin-1 inhibitors DMSO, gold, TEA+ and acetazolamide. FEBS Lett. 2006 Dec 11;580(28-29):6679-84. Epub 2006 Nov 20.

7(0,0,0,7) Details
19539607 Hayashi S, Takahashi N, Kurata N, Yamaguchi A, Matsui H, Kato S, Takeuchi K: Involvement of aquaporin-1 in gastric epithelial cell migration during wound repair. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2009 Aug 28;386(3):483-7. Epub 2009 Jun 17.

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8703053 Yool AJ, Stamer WD, Regan JW: Forskolin stimulation of water and cation permeability in aquaporin 1 water channels. Science. 1996 Aug 30;273(5279):1216-8.

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12754312 Blank ME, Ehmke H: Aquaporin-1 and HCO3 (-)-Cl- transporter-mediated transport of CO2 across the human erythrocyte membrane. J Physiol. 2003 Jul 15;550(Pt 2):419-29. Epub 2003 May 16.

4(0,0,0,4) Details
11917120 Cho SJ, Sattar AK, Jeong EH, Satchi M, Cho JA, Dash S, Mayes MS, Stromer MH, Jena BP: Aquaporin 1 regulates GTP-induced rapid gating of water in secretory vesicles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Apr 2;99(7):4720-4. Epub 2002 Mar 26.

4(0,0,0,4) Details
18167118 Yukutake Y, Tsuji S, Hirano Y, Adachi T, Takahashi T, Fujihara K, Agre P, Yasui M, Suematsu M: Mercury chloride decreases the water permeability of aquaporin-4-reconstituted proteoliposomes. Biol Cell. 2008 Jun;100(6):355-63.


BACKGROUND INFORMATION: Mercurials inhibit AQPs (aquaporins), and site-directed mutagenesis has identified Cys (189) as a site of the mercurial inhibition of AQP1.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
7528928 Roberts SK, Yano M, Ueno Y, Pham L, Alpini G, Agre P, LaRusso NF: Cholangiocytes express the aquaporin CHIP and transport water via a channel-mediated mechanism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Dec 20;91(26):13009-13.

3(0,0,0,3) Details
9292489 Effros RM, Darin C, Jacobs ER, Rogers RA, Krenz G, Schneeberger EE: Water transport and the distribution of aquaporin-1 in pulmonary air spaces. J Appl Physiol. 1997 Sep;83(3):1002-16.

3(0,0,0,3) Details
9321919 Mulders SM, Rijss JP, Hartog A, Bindels RJ, van Os CH, Deen PM: Importance of the mercury-sensitive cysteine on function and routing of AQP1 and AQP2 in oocytes. Am J Physiol. 1997 Sep;273(3 Pt 2):F451-6.

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11499660 Zweers MM, Douma CE, de Waart DR, Korevaar JC, Krediet RT, Struijk DG: Amphotericin B, mercury chloride and peritoneal transport in rabbits. Clin Nephrol. 2001 Jul;56(1):60-8.


The mercury-sensitive aquaporin-1 was thought to represent these transcellular pores.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
7540052 Liu C, Gao D, Preston GM, McGann LE, Benson CT, Critser ES, Critser JK: High water permeability of human spermatozoa is mercury-resistant and not mediated by CHIP28. Biol Reprod. 1995 Apr;52(4):913-9.

A novel integral membrane protein with an apparent molecular mass of 28 kDa (CHIP28) was first isolated from human erythrocytes and is now recognized as a water channel protein.
Consistent with the Western blot finding, mercuric chloride (HgCl2), a known water channel blocker, failed to reduce the osmotic water permeability of human spermatozoa.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
11705786 Virkki LV, Cooper GJ, Boron WF: Cloning and functional expression of an MIP (AQP0) homolog from killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) lens. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2001 Dec;281(6):R1994-2003.


AF191906) shows 77% identity to amphibian MIPs, 70% identity to mammalian MIPs, and 46% identity to mammalian AQP1.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
14739264 Wan X, Steudle E, Hartung W: Gating of water channels (aquaporins) in cortical cells of young corn roots by mechanical stimuli (pressure pulses): effects of ABA and of HgCl2. J Exp Bot. 2004 Feb;55(396):411-22.

They were much smaller than those proposed for AQP1.
Cells with a short T1/2 responded to the aquaporin blocker mercuric chloride (HgCl2).
2(0,0,0,2) Details
11804854 Ko SB, Naruse S, Kitagawa M, Ishiguro H, Furuya S, Mizuno N, Wang Y, Yoshikawa T, Suzuki A, Shimano S, Hayakawa T: Aquaporins in rat pancreatic interlobular ducts. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2002 Feb;282(2):G324-31.


A large amount of AQP1 and small amounts of AQP5 transcripts were detected in the isolated duct cells by RT-PCR.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
9369468 Kuwahara M, Gu Y, Ishibashi K, Marumo F, Sasaki S: Mercury-sensitive residues and pore site in AQP3 water channel. Biochemistry. 1997 Nov 18;36(46):13973-8.


Mutation of Tyr-212, a position corresponding to the mercury-sensitive residues in AQP1 and AQP2, to cysteine enhanced the mercurial inhibition of Pf.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
18795320 Rouzaire-Dubois B, Ouanounou G, O'Regan S, Dubois JM: Sodium-dependent activity of aquaporin-1 in rat glioma cells: a new mechanism of cell volume regulation. Pflugers Arch. 2009 Mar;457(5):1187-98. Epub 2008 Sep 16.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
9662561 Quigley R, Harkins EW, Thomas PJ, Baum M: Maturational changes in rabbit renal brush border membrane vesicle osmotic water permeability. J Membr Biol. 1998 Jul 15;164(2):177-85.


The present study examined developmental changes in water transport characteristics of the proximal tubule apical membrane by determining Pf and aquaporin 1 (AQP1) expression in neonatal (10-14 days old) and adult rabbit renal brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV).
2(0,0,0,2) Details
10559675 Shanahan CM, Connolly DL, Tyson KL, Cary NR, Osbourn JK, Agre P, Weissberg PL: Aquaporin-1 is expressed by vascular smooth muscle cells and mediates rapid water transport across vascular cell membranes. J Vasc Res. 1999 Sep-Oct;36(5):353-62.

Finally, by measuring the rate of change in cell size induced by changes in external osmolarity and demonstrating that water transport can be inhibited with mercuric chloride, we show that AQP-1 is responsible for water transport across human VSMC membranes.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
8997281 Carlsson O, Nielsen S, Zakaria el-R, Rippe B: In vivo inhibition of transcellular water channels (aquaporin-1) during acute peritoneal dialysis in rats. Am J Physiol. 1996 Dec;271(6 Pt 2):H2254-62.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
16935571 Lahajnar G, Pecar S, Sepe A: Na-nitroprusside and HgCl2 modify the water permeability and volume of human erythrocytes. Bioelectrochemistry. 2007 May;70(2):462-8. Epub 2006 Jul 14.


The passage of water through the aquaporin-1 (AQP1) transmembrane channel protein of the human erythrocyte is known to be inhibited by organic mercurials such as p-chloromercuribenzoate (pCMB), which react with the free SH-group of the critical cysteine (Cys189) located near the constriction of the AQP1 water-specific channel.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
15681377 Fabra M, Raldua D, Power DM, Deen PM, Cerda J: Marine fish egg hydration is aquaporin-mediated. . Science. 2005 Jan 28;307(5709):545.


We isolated an aquaporin, SaAQP1o, that belongs to a unique subfamily of aquaporin-1-like channels specifically evolved in teleosts and mainly expressed in the ovary.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
9829975 Meinild AK, Klaerke DA, Zeuthen T: Bidirectional water fluxes and specificity for small hydrophilic molecules in aquaporins 0-5. J Biol Chem. 1998 Dec 4;273(49):32446-51.


The reflection coefficients (sigma) of urea, glycerol, acetamide, and formamide at 23 degreesC were: AQP0: 1, 1, 0.8, 0.6; AQP1: 1, 0.8, 1, 1; AQP2: 1, 0.8, 1, 1; AQP3: 1, 0.2, 0.7, 0.4; AQP4: 1, 0.9, 1, 1; and AQP5: 1, 1, 1, 0.8.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12234316 Lai KN, Leung JC, Chan LY, Tang S, Li FK, Lui SL, Chan TM: Expression of aquaporin-3 in human peritoneal mesothelial cells and its up-regulation by glucose in vitro. Kidney Int. 2002 Oct;62(4):1431-9.

Glucose at a concentration of 200 mmol induced glycerol flux by 4.82-fold above the control value (P < 0.0001) and its effect was significantly inhibited by mercuric chloride (P < 0.01).
Our recent study demonstrated the presence of aquaporin-1 in human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMC).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8457558 Zhang R, van Hoek AN, Biwersi J, Verkman AS: A point mutation at cysteine 189 blocks the water permeability of rat kidney water channel CHIP28k. Biochemistry. 1993 Mar 30;32(12):2938-41.


Cell Biol. 120, 359-369] that is homologous to human erythrocyte CHIP28 [Preston & Agre (1991) Proc.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8312280 Zeidel ML, Nielsen S, Smith BL, Ambudkar SV, Maunsbach AB, Agre P: Ultrastructure, pharmacologic inhibition, and transport selectivity of aquaporin channel-forming integral protein in proteoliposomes. Biochemistry. 1994 Feb 15;33(6):1606-15.


Reconstitution of highly purified aquaporin CHIP (channel-forming integral protein) into proteoliposomes was previously shown to confer high osmotic water permeability (Pf) to the membranes [Zeidel et al. (1992) Biochemistry 31, 7436-7440].
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17051265 Liakopoulos V, Zarogiannis S, Eleftheriadis T, Stefanidis I: Aquaporin-1 and sodium transport in the peritoneal membrane--need for more research? Kidney Int. 2006 Nov;70(9):1663; author reply 1663-4.

1(0,0,0,1) Details
14637313 Jiang J, Hu J, Bai C: Role of aquaporin and sodium channel in pleural water movement. Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2003 Dec 16;139(1):83-8.


The role of the ENaC sodium channel and aquaporin-1 (AQP1) water channel on pleural fluid dynamics in mice was investigated. 0.25 ml of hypertonic or isosmolar fluid was infused into the pleural space in anesthetized wildtype and AQP1 null mice.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17376483 Savage DF, Stroud RM: Structural basis of aquaporin inhibition by mercury. J Mol Biol. 2007 May 4;368(3):607-17. Epub 2007 Mar 2.


To elucidate the mechanism we designed a mutant, T183C, of aquaporin Z (AqpZ) patterned after the known mercury-sensitive site of aquaporin 1 (AQP1) and determined the X-ray crystal structures of the unbound and mercury blocked states.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
7473422 Curry MR, Millar JD, Watson PF: The presence of water channel proteins in ram and human sperm membranes. . J Reprod Fertil. 1995 Jul;104(2):297-303.

Sperm membranes were examined for the presence of two known water channel proteins, CHIP28 and glucose transporters belonging to the GLUT family of proteins.
The water permeability of ram spermatozoa was not inhibited by mercuric chloride to which the CHIP28 channel is sensitive.
1(0,0,0,1) Details