Protein Information

Name angiotensin II
Synonyms AGT; ANG II; ANHU; Angiotensin I; Angiotensin II; Angiotensinogen; Angiotensinogen precursor; SERPINA 8…

Compound Information

Name biphenyl
CAS 1,1′-biphenyl

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
18460596 Whaley-Connell A, Habibi J, Cooper SA, Demarco VG, Hayden MR, Stump CS, Link D, Ferrario CM, Sowers JR: Effect of renin inhibition and AT1R blockade on myocardial remodeling in the transgenic Ren2 rat. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2008 Jul;295(1):E103-9. Epub 2008 May 6.


Angiotensin II (Ang II) stimulation of the Ang type 1 receptor (AT (1) R) facilitates myocardial remodeling through NADPH oxidase-mediated generation of oxidative stress.
4(0,0,0,4) Details
19307983 Tamura T, Jamous MA, Kitazato KT, Yagi K, Tada Y, Uno M, Nagahiro S: Endothelial damage due to impaired nitric oxide bioavailability triggers cerebral aneurysm formation in female rats. J Hypertens. 2009 Jun;27(6):1284-92.


The effects of estradiol, angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker, or both on cultured endothelial cells were also examined.
4(0,0,0,4) Details
18551021 Liu H, Kitazato KT, Uno M, Yagi K, Kanematsu Y, Tamura T, Tada Y, Kinouchi T, Nagahiro S: Protective mechanisms of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker candesartan against cerebral ischemia: in-vivo and in-vitro studies. J Hypertens. 2008 Jul;26(7):1435-45.

4(0,0,0,4) Details
18224274 Hashimoto T, Toya Y, Kihara M, Yabana M, Inayama Y, Tanaka K, Iwatsubo K, Yanagi M, Oshikawa J, Kokuho T, Kuji T, Yoshida S, Tamura K, Umemura S: Behcet's disease complicated by IgA nephropathy with nephrotic syndrome. . Clin Exp Nephrol. 2008 Jun;12(3):224-7. Epub 2008 Jan 26.


Following treatment with an angiotensin II type-I receptor-blocker, an anti-platelet drug, and an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, accompanied by dietary restrictions of protein and sodium, proteinuria was markedly decreased.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18565968 Divchev D, Grothusen C, Luchtefeld M, Thoenes M, Onono F, Koch R, Drexler H, Schieffer B: Impact of a combined treatment of angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockade and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA-reductase inhibition on secretory phospholipase A2-type IIA and low density lipoprotein oxidation in patients with coronary artery disease. Eur Heart J. 2008 Aug;29(16):1956-65. Epub 2008 Jun 18.

1(0,0,0,1) Details
18666803 Goette A, D'Alessandro A, Bukowska A, Kropf S, Mewis C, Stellbrink C, Tebbenjohanns J, Weiss C, Lendeckel U: Rationale for and design of the CREATIVE-AF trial: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study of the effect of irbesartan on oxidative stress and adhesion molecules in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation. Clin Drug Investig. 2008;28(9):565-72.


Recent studies suggest there is an angiotensin II-dependent increase in adhesion molecules and oxidative stress parameters during AF.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
17934850 Huang W, Wu YL, Zhong J, Jiang FX, Tian XL, Yu LF: Angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist suppress angiogenesis and growth of gastric cancer xenografts. Dig Dis Sci. 2008 May;53(5):1206-10. Epub 2007 Oct 13.

3(0,0,0,3) Details
17822786 Mayer MA, Hocht C, Gironacci M, Opezzo JA, Taira CA, Fernandez BE, Puyo AM: Hypothalamic angiotensinergic-noradrenergic systems interaction in fructose induced hypertension. Regul Pept. 2008 Feb 7;146(1-3):38-45. Epub 2007 Jul 29.


METHODS: In control (C) and fructose-fed hypertensive (F) rats, we studied: 1) the effects of hypothalamic perfusion of irbesartan (AT (1) angiotensin receptor antagonist, 50 and 500 microg ml (-1)) and metoprolol (beta (1) adrenergic receptor antagonist, 10 and 100 microg ml (-1)) on blood pressure, heart rate and noradrenaline intrahypothalamic levels, by means of the microdialysis technique; and 2) the effects of intrahypothalamic microinjection of angiotensin II alone or after metoprolol pre-administration, on blood pressure and heart rate.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
18633426 Ekman M, Bienfait-Beuzon C, Jackson J: Cost-effectiveness of irbesartan/hydrochlorothiazide in patients with hypertension: an economic evaluation for Sweden. J Hum Hypertens. 2008 Dec;22(12):845-55. Epub 2008 Jul 17.


Irbesartan, an angiotensin-II inhibitor, has been shown to be an effective antihypertensive agent in clinical trials.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
18636418 McAdams MA, Governale LA, Swartz L, Hammad TA, Dal Pan GJ: Identifying patterns of adverse event reporting for four members of the angiotensin II receptor blockers class of drugs: revisiting the Weber effect. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2008 Sep;17(9):882-9.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
18045851 Tu X, Chen X, Xie Y, Shi S, Wang J, Chen Y, Li J: Anti-inflammatory renoprotective effect of clopidogrel and irbesartan in chronic renal injury. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008 Jan;19(1):77-83. Epub 2007 Nov 28.


Recent evidence suggests that platelet activation and angiotensin II may each contribute to glomerular inflammation and fibrosis.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19046003 Yamane T, Fujii Y, Orito K, Osamura K, Kanai T, Wakao Y: Comparison of the effects of candesartan cilexetil and enalapril maleate on right ventricular myocardial remodeling in dogs with experimentally induced pulmonary stenosis. Am J Vet Res. 2008 Dec;69(12):1574-9.


Sixty days after surgery, right ventricular wall thickness was assessed echocardiographically and plasma renin activity, angiotensin-converting enzyme activity, and angiotensin I and II concentrations were assessed; all dogs were euthanatized, and collagenous fiber area, cardiomyocyte diameter, and tissue angiotensin-converting enzyme and chymase-like activities in the right ventricle were evaluated.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18281733 McCabe J, Stork C, Mailloux D, Su M: Penile angioedema associated with the use of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2008 Mar 1;65(5):420-1.

1(0,0,0,1) Details
19687349 Kappert K, Tsuprykov O, Kaufmann J, Fritzsche J, Ott I, Goebel M, Bahr IN, Hassle PL, Gust R, Fleck E, Unger T, Stawowy P, Kintscher U: Chronic treatment with losartan results in sufficient serum levels of the metabolite EXP3179 for PPARgamma activation. Hypertension. 2009 Oct;54(4):738-43. Epub 2009 Aug 17.


The losartan metabolite EXP3174 exhibits angiotensin II receptor 1 (AT1R)-blocking properties, whereas the metabolite EXP3179 potently induces the activity of the insulin-sensitizing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) as a partial agonist in vitro.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18679781 Major TC, Olszewski B, Rosebury W, Okerberg C, Carlson T, Ostroski R, Schroeder R, Kowala MC, Leadley R: A nonpeptide, piperidine renin inhibitor provides renal and cardiac protection in double-transgenic mice expressing human renin and angiotensinogen genes. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2008 Dec;22(6):469-78. Epub 2008 Aug 5.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
19491003 Gersak K, Cvijic M, Cerar LK: Angiotensin II receptor blockers in pregnancy: a report of five cases. Reprod Toxicol. 2009 Jul;28(1):109-12. Epub 2009 Feb 24.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
18855637 Blankestijn PJ, Rupp H: Clinical profile of eprosartan: a different angiotensin II receptor blocker. Cardiovasc Hematol Agents Med Chem. 2008 Oct;6(4):253-7.

Eprosartan is a relatively new ARB which is chemically distinct (non-biphenyl, non-tetrazole) from all other ARBs (biphenyl tetrazoles).
2(0,0,0,2) Details
18579813 Brooke BS, Habashi JP, Judge DP, Patel N, Loeys B, Dietz HC 3rd: Angiotensin II blockade and aortic-root dilation in Marfan's syndrome. . N Engl J Med. 2008 Jun 26;358(26):2787-95.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
18633762 Ruilope LM, Segura J: The importance of integrated risk management when treating patients with hypertension: benefits of angiotensin II receptor antagonist therapy. Clin Exp Hypertens. 2008 Jul;30(5):397-414.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
19601700 Bramlage P, Durand-Zaleski I, Desai N, Pirk O, Hacker C: The value of irbesartan in the management of hypertension. . Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2009 Aug;10(11):1817-31.


Based on efficacy data from the Irbesartan Diabetic Nephropathy Trial and Reduction of Endpoints in NIDDM (non insulin dependant diabetes melitis) with the Angiotensin II Antagonist Losartan Study, it has also demonstrated cost savings over losartan in late stage renal disease.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17917504 Ubaid-Girioli S, Ferreira-Melo SE, Souza LA, Nogueira EA, Yugar-Toledo JC, Coca A, Moreno H Jr: Aldosterone escape with diuretic or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin II receptor blocker combination therapy in patients with mild to moderate hypertension. J Clin Hypertens. 2007 Oct;9(10):770-4.

1(0,0,0,1) Details
18412789 Kato K, Okuda M, Ishikawa H, Takahashi T, Hirahara F: Oligohydramnios and pulmonary hypoplasia: a case in which involvement of an angiotensin II receptor antagonist was suspected. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2008 Apr;34(2):242-6.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
18317875 Tamura Y, Kosuga M, Yamashita M, Tomioka S, Sasaki M, Hikita T, Nakajima H, Kojima K, Uchida S: Renoprotective effects of angiotensin II receptor blocker, candesartan cilexetil, in patients with stage 4-5 chronic kidney disease. Clin Exp Nephrol. 2008 Aug;12(4):256-63. Epub 2008 Mar 5.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
18464745 Kurland L, Hallberg P, Melhus H, Liljedahl U, Hashemi N, Syvanen AC, Lind L, Kahan T: The relationship between the plasma concentration of irbesartan and the antihypertensive response is disclosed by an angiotensin II type 1 receptor polymorphism: results from the Swedish Irbesartan Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Investigation vs. Am J Hypertens. 2008 Jul;21(7):836-9. Epub 2008 May 8.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
18599297 Wallinder C, Botros M, Rosenstrom U, Guimond MO, Beaudry H, Nyberg F, Gallo-Payet N, Hallberg A, Alterman M: Selective angiotensin II AT2 receptor agonists: Benzamide structure-activity relationships. Bioorg Med Chem. 2008 Jul 15;16(14):6841-9. Epub 2008 Jul 1.

In a second series, the biphenyl scaffold was compared to the thienylphenyl scaffold and the impact of the isobutyl substituent and its position on AT (1)/AT (2) receptor selectivity was also investigated.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18174768 Saunders E, Cable G, Neutel J: Predictors of blood pressure response to angiotensin receptor blocker/diuretic combination therapy: a secondary analysis of the irbesartan/hydrochlorothiazide blood pressure reductions in diverse patient populations (INCLUSIVE) study. J Clin Hypertens. 2008 Jan;10(1):27-33.


The secondary analysis of the Irbesartan/Hydrochlorothiazide Blood Pressure Reductions in Diverse Patient Populations (INCLUSIVE) clinical trial investigated whether baseline demographic and clinical variables are predictive of different degrees of blood pressure reduction following an angiotensin II receptor blocker/diuretic treatment regimen.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19633450 de las Heras N, Martin-Fernandez B, Miana M, Ballesteros S, Oubina MP, Lopez-Farre AJ, Cachofeiro V, Lahera V: The protective effect of irbesartan in rats fed a high fat diet is associated with modification of leptin-adiponectin imbalance. J Hypertens. 2009 Aug;27 Suppl 6:S37-41.


This study aimed to show whether the angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker, irbesartan, exerts a protective effect against metabolic and cardiovascular abnormalities in rats fed a high fat diet (HFD).
2(0,0,0,2) Details
20029960 Ren L, Li Y, Li Y, Tang R, Hu D, Sheng Z, Liu N: The inhibitory effects of rosiglitazone on cardiac hypertrophy through modulating the renin-angiotensin system in diet-induced hypercholesterolemic rats. Cell Biochem Funct. 2010 Jan;28(1):58-65.


The findings showed that left ventricular hypertrophy, eminent cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and lipid deposits in myocardium were observed in the rats fed a cholesterol-rich diet for 6 months, while these characteristic pathological alterations and the increase in angiotensin II (ANG II) level and over-expression of angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT (1) R) in the left ventricular tissues induced by the cholesterol-rich diet were significantly suppressed to equal extents by rosiglitazone and irbesartan.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
18175062 Mori-Takeyama U, Minatoguchi S, Murata I, Fujiwara H, Ozaki Y, Ohno M, Oda H, Ohashi H: Dual blockade of the rennin-angiotensin system versus maximal recommended dose of angiotensin II receptor blockade in chronic glomerulonephritis. Clin Exp Nephrol. 2008 Feb;12(1):33-40. Epub 2008 Jan 5.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
19687351 Fortuno A, Bidegain J, Robador PA, Hermida J, Lopez-Sagaseta J, Beloqui O, Diez J, Zalba G: Losartan metabolite EXP3179 blocks NADPH oxidase-mediated superoxide production by inhibiting protein kinase C: potential clinical implications in hypertension. Hypertension. 2009 Oct;54(4):744-50. Epub 2009 Aug 17.


We investigated the effects of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist losartan and its metabolites (EXP3174 and EXP3179) on NADPH oxidase activity and MMP-9 secretion in human phagocytic cells.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
19016156 Sen S, Kanter M, Ustundag S, Aktas C, Dogutan H, Yalcin O: Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockade on streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy. Ren Fail. 2008;30(10):1023-33.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
19808375 Kassiri Z, Zhong J, Guo D, Basu R, Wang X, Liu PP, Scholey JW, Penninger JM, Oudit GY: Loss of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 accelerates maladaptive left ventricular remodeling in response to myocardial infarction. Circ Heart Fail. 2009 Sep;2(5):446-55. Epub 2009 Jun 15.


In ACE2-deficient hearts, elevated myocardial levels of Ang II and decreased levels of Ang 1-7 in the infarct-related zone was associated with increased production of reactive oxygen species.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
18422814 Schepke M, Wiest R, Flacke S, Heller J, Stoffel-Wagner B, Herold T, Ghauri M, Sauerbruch T: Irbesartan plus low-dose propranolol versus low-dose propranolol alone in cirrhosis: a placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2008 May;103(5):1152-8. Epub 2008 Apr 16.


OBJECTIVES: Angiotensin II receptor antagonists have been shown to moderately lower portal pressure in some patients with cirrhosis but may have adverse effects on kidney function.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
19914261 Kamiyama E, Nakai D, Mikkaichi T, Okudaira N, Okazaki O: Interaction of angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers with P-gp substrates in Caco-2 cells and hMDR1-expressing membranes. Life Sci. 2010 Jan 2;86(1-2):52-8. Epub 2009 Nov 13.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
19545435 Failli P, Alfarano C, Franchi-Micheli S, Mannucci E, Cerbai E, Mugelli A, Raimondi L: Losartan counteracts the hyper-reactivity to angiotensin II and ROCK1 over-activation in aortas isolated from streptozotocin-injected diabetic rats. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2009 Jun 22;8:32.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
18307163 Ferreiros N, Iriarte G, Alonso RM, Jimenez RM, Ortiz E: Separation and quantitation of several angiotensin II receptor antagonist drugs in human urine by a SPE-HPLC-DAD method. J Sep Sci. 2008 Mar;31(4):667-76.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
18310517 de Beer VJ, Sorop O, Pijnappels DA, Dekkers DH, Boomsma F, Lamers JM, Duncker DJ, Merkus D: Integrative control of coronary resistance vessel tone by endothelin and angiotensin II is altered in swine with a recent myocardial infarction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2008 May;294(5):H2069-77. Epub 2008 Feb 29.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
19436650 Baguet JP, Barone-Rochette G, Neuder Y: Candesartan cilexetil in the treatment of chronic heart failure. . Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2009;5(1):257-64. Epub 2009 Apr 8.


However, angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) can also be a beneficial treatment option.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
18300863 Ott C, Schlaich MP, Harazny J, Schmidt BM, Michelson G, Schmieder RE: Effects of angiotensin II type 1-receptor blockade on retinal endothelial function. J Hypertens. 2008 Mar;26(3):516-22.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
18609298 Bregonzio C, Seltzer A, Armando I, Pavel J, Saavedra JM: Angiotensin II AT (1) receptor blockade selectively enhances brain AT (2) receptor expression, and abolishes the cold-restraint stress-induced increase in tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA in the locus coeruleus of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Stress. 2008;11(6):457-66.

1(0,0,0,1) Details
18584585 Vieitez P, Gomez O, Uceda ER, Vera ME, Molina-Holgado E: Systemic and local effects of angiotensin II blockade in experimental diabetic nephropathy. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst. 2008 Jun;9(2):96-102.

1(0,0,0,1) Details
17887997 Flack JM: Maximising antihypertensive effects of angiotensin II receptor blockers with thiazide diuretic combination therapy: focus on irbesartan/hydrochlorothiazide. Int J Clin Pract. 2007 Dec;61(12):2093-102. Epub 2007 Sep 20.

1(0,0,0,1) Details
20007350 Whaley-Connell A, Nistala R, Habibi J, Hayden MR, Schneider RI, Johnson MS, Tilmon R, Rehmer N, Ferrario CM, Sowers JR: Comparative effect of direct renin inhibition and AT1R blockade on glomerular filtration barrier injury in the transgenic Ren2 rat. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2010 Mar;298(3):F655-61. Epub 2009 Dec 9.


Renin is the rate-limiting step in angiotensin (ANG II) generation.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18783396 Jing L, Li WM, Zhou LJ, Li S, Kou JJ, Song J: Expression of renin-angiotensin system and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in alcoholic cardiomyopathy. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2008 Nov;32(11):1999-2007. Epub 2008 Sep 9.


RESULTS: Compared with controls, myocardial angiotensin (Ang) I, Ang II, and renin levels were progressively increased at 2, 4, and 6 months of alcohol intake. mRNA expression of renin, angiotensinogen, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), and AT1 was increased at 6 months.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18391092 Nussberger J, Aubert JF, Bouzourene K, Pellegrin M, Hayoz D, Mazzolai L: Renin inhibition by aliskiren prevents atherosclerosis progression: comparison with irbesartan, atenolol, and amlodipine. Hypertension. 2008 May;51(5):1306-11. Epub 2008 Apr 7.


Angiotensin II decisively mediates plaque vulnerability.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18629353 Negro R: Endothelial effects of antihypertensive treatment: focus on irbesartan. . Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2008;4(1):89-101.


Endothelial dysfunction is then characterized by unbalanced concentrations of vasodilating and vasoconstricting factors, the most important being represented by nitric oxide (NO) and angiotensin II (AT II).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17822696 Li YQ, Ji H, Zhang YH, Shi WB, Meng ZK, Chen XY, Du GT, Tian J: WB1106, a novel nitric oxide-releasing derivative of telmisartan, inhibits hypertension and improves glucose metabolism in rats. Eur J Pharmacol. 2007 Dec 22;577(1-3):100-8. Epub 2007 Aug 14.

Herein, the effects of [6-(nitrooxymethyl) pyridin-2-yl] methyl 4'-[1-(1,7'-dimethyl-2'-propyl-1H,3'H-2,5'-bibenzo [d] imidazol-3'-yl) ethyl] biphenyl-2-carboxylate (WB1106), a novel NO-releasing derivative of telmisartan newly synthesized, on the vasocontraction, hypertension and diet-induced insulin resistance were examined in vitro using rat aortic strips and in normotensive and spontaneous hypertension rats (SHR rats).
Furthermore, WB1106 reduced the contractile and blood pressure responses to angiotensin II, which relied on the release of telmisartan.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17928966 Tebbe U, Luders S, de Haan F, Bramlage P, Bohm M, Thoenes M, Paar WD, Schrader J: [Long-term follow-up of cardiovascular risk markers in patients with hypertension. Med Klin. 2007 Oct 15;102(10):824-32.


DESIGN: To fill this gap, the design of a nationwide registry study was chosen in which patients attending their cardiologist were observed for 12 months and the effect of blocking the RAS with the angiotensin II receptor blocker irbesartan was documented.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18239590 Toblli JE, Munoz MC, Cao G, Mella J, Pereyra L, Mastai R: ACE inhibition and AT1 receptor blockade prevent fatty liver and fibrosis in obese Zucker rats. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2008 Apr;16(4):770-6. Epub 2007 Jan 24.


Since angiotensin II (ANG II) has been suggested to play an important role in liver inflammation and fibrosis, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether therapy against renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may provide some beneficial effect in liver of an animal model of metabolic syndrome.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17825702 Coyle D, Rodby R, Soroka S, Levin A, Muirhead N, de Cotret PR, Chen R, Palmer A: Cost-effectiveness of irbesartan 300 mg given early versus late in patients with hypertension and a history of type 2 diabetes and renal disease: a Canadian perspective. Clin Ther. 2007 Jul;29(7):1508-23.


METHODS: The analysis compared 3 alternative strategies for the management of hypertension in patients with type 2 diabetes and early renal disease: (1) conventional hypertensive treatment excluding the use of angiotensin II receptor antagonists (AIIRAs); (2) the early addition of irbesartan (an AIIRA) to conventional treatment; and (3) the late addition of irbesartan to conventional treatment.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18326960 Vyssoulis GP, Karpanou EA, Kyvelou SM, Adamopoulos DN, Antonakoudis GC, Deligeorgis AD, Cokkinos DV, Stefanadis CI: Beneficial effect of angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker antihypertensive treatment on arterial stiffness: the role of smoking. J Clin Hypertens. 2008 Mar;10(3):201-7.

1(0,0,0,1) Details
18787107 Cheng Q, Law PK, de Gasparo M, Leung PS: Combination of the dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor LAF237 [(S)-1-[(3-hydroxy-1-adamantyl) ammo] acetyl-2-cyanopyrrolidine] with the angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist valsartan [N-(1-oxopentyl)-N-[[2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl] methyl]-L- valine] enhances pancreatic islet morphology and function in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2008 Dec;327(3):683-91. Epub 2008 Sep 11.

Valsartan [N-(1-oxopentyl)-N-[[2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl] methyl]-l-v aline] is an antagonist of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) that reduces the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
112(1,2,2,2) Details
20081258 Stancheva S, Alova L, Stefanova M: Effect of peptide and nonpeptide antagonists of angiotensin II receptors on noradrenaline release in hypothalamus of rats with angiotensin II-induced increase of water intake. Pharmacol Rep. 2009 Nov-Dec;61(6):1206-10.

The imidazolic nonpeptidic compound 2-n-butyl-4-chloro-5-hydroxymethyl-1-{[2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl) biphenyl-4-yl] m ethyl}imidazole potassium salt (DuP 753, losartan), its active metabolite 2-n-butyl-4-chloro-1-{[2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)- biphenyl-4-yl] methyl}imidazole-5-carboxylic acid (EXP 3174) and peptide Ang II analogue, sarmesin, antagonized the Ang II-induced effect on [(3) H] NA release, in spite of the differences in their chemical structures.
86(1,1,1,6) Details
18627212 Croom KF, Plosker GL: Irbesartan: a review of its use in hypertension and diabetic nephropathy. . Drugs. 2008;68(11):1543-69.


Irbesartan (Aprovel, Avapro, Irbetan, Karvea), an angiotensin II receptor type 1 antagonist, is approved in many countries worldwide for the treatment of hypertension.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19814728 Russell JC, Kelly SE, Vine DF, Proctor SD: Irbesartan-mediated reduction of renal and cardiac damage in insulin resistant JCR : LA-cp rats. Br J Pharmacol. 2009 Nov;158(6):1588-96. Epub 2009 Oct 8.


BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARBs), originally developed for antihypertensive properties, have pleiotropic effects including direct vascular actions.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
20026759 Moltzer E, Verkuil AV, van Veghel R, Danser AH, van Esch JH: Effects of angiotensin metabolites in the coronary vascular bed of the spontaneously hypertensive rat: loss of angiotensin II type 2 receptor-mediated vasodilation. Hypertension. 2010 Feb;55(2):516-22. Epub 2009 Dec 21.

8(0,0,0,8) Details
18971559 Kanome T, Watanabe T, Nishio K, Takahashi K, Hongo S, Miyazaki A: Angiotensin II upregulates acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase-1 via the angiotensin II Type 1 receptor in human monocyte-macrophages. Hypertens Res. 2008 Sep;31(9):1801-10.

8(0,0,0,8) Details
17914985 Kitamura K, Tada S, Nakamoto N, Toda K, Horikawa H, Kurita S, Tsunematsu S, Kumagai N, Ishii H, Saito H, Hibi T: Rho/Rho kinase is a key enzyme system involved in the angiotensin II signaling pathway of liver fibrosis and steatosis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007 Nov;22(11):2022-33.

7(0,0,0,7) Details
19355995 Derosa G, Ferrari I, Cicero AF: Irbesartan and hydrochlorothiazide association in the treatment of hypertension. Curr Vasc Pharmacol. 2009 Apr;7(2):120-36.


Irbesartan is a potent and selective angiotensin II subtype 1 receptor antagonist indicated for use in patients with hypertension, including those with type 2 diabetes mellitus and nephropathy.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18434751 Busch M, Franke S, Wolf G, Rohde RD, Stein G: Serum levels of the advanced glycation end products Nepsilon-carboxymethyllysine and pentosidine are not influenced by treatment with the angiotensin receptor II type 1 blocker irbesartan in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy and hypertension. Nephron Clin Pract. 2008;108(4):c291-7. Epub 2008 Apr 24.


BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aim of this post-hoc analysis of a prospective study in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy was to investigate whether treatment with the angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker irbesartan leads to a reduction in the serum levels of the advanced glycation end products (AGEs) pentosidine and N (epsilon)-carboxymethyllysine (CML).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18538762 Lu C, Su LY, Lee RM, Gao YJ: Superoxide anion mediates angiotensin II-induced potentiation of contractile response to sympathetic stimulation. Eur J Pharmacol. 2008 Jul 28;589(1-3):188-93. Epub 2008 May 5.

This potentiation was blunted by an angiotensin AT (1) receptor antagonist (2-ethoxy-1-[[2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl) biphenyl-4-yl] methyl]-1H-benzimidazole- 7-carboxylic acid, CV-11974), NAD (P) H oxidase inhibitor (apocynin), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and its mimetic tiron, but not affected by angiotensin AT (2) receptor antagonist and inhibitors of xanthine oxidase, cytochrome P450, and cyclooxygenase.
7(0,0,0,7) Details
18687761 Zhang M, Zhou SH, Zhao SP, Liu QM, Li XP, Shen XQ: Irbesartan attenuates Ang II-induced BMP-2 expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Vasc Med. 2008 Aug;13(3):239-45.

6(0,0,0,6) Details
19901849 Munoz MC, Giani JF, Dominici FP, Turyn D, Toblli JE: Long-term treatment with an angiotensin II receptor blocker decreases adipocyte size and improves insulin signaling in obese Zucker rats. J Hypertens. 2009 Dec;27(12):2409-20.

6(0,0,0,6) Details
18182939 Mirza FS, Ong P, Collins P, Okamura K, Gerhard-Herman M, Williams GH, Seely EW: Effects of estradiol and the angiotensin II receptor blocker irbesartan on vascular function in postmenopausal women. Menopause. 2008 Jan-Feb;15(1):44-50.

1(0,0,0,1) Details
18971554 Kawano Y, Sato Y, Yoshinaga K: A randomized trial of the effect of an angiotensin II receptor blocker SR47436 (irbesartan) on 24-hour blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension. Hypertens Res. 2008 Sep;31(9):1753-63.

1(0,0,0,1) Details
18599599 Xue B, Zhao Y, Johnson AK, Hay M: Central estrogen inhibition of angiotensin II-induced hypertension in male mice and the role of reactive oxygen species. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2008 Sep;295(3):H1025-H1032. Epub 2008 Jul 3.

1(0,0,0,1) Details
19563275 Mendis B, Page SR: Candesartan: widening indications for this angiotensin II receptor blocker?. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2009 Aug;10(12):1995-2007.

5(0,0,0,5) Details
17888412 Augusto Oliveira F, Silveira PE, Lopes MJ, Kushmerick C, Naves LA: Angiotensin II increases evoked release at the frog neuromuscular junction through a receptor sensitive to A779. Brain Res. 2007 Oct 17;1175:48-53. Epub 2007 Jun 16.

5(0,0,0,5) Details
19445841 Ozdemir S, Tandogan B, Ulusu NN, Turan B: Angiotensin II receptor blockage prevents diabetes-induced oxidative damage in rat heart. Folia Biol. 2009;55(1):11-6.

4(0,0,0,4) Details
19202318 Jin D, Takai S, Sugiyama T, Hayashi T, Fukumoto M, Oku H, Kitaura Y, Ikeda T, Miyazaki M: Long-term angiotensin II blockade may improve not only hyperglycemia but also age-associated cardiac fibrosis. J Pharmacol Sci. 2009 Feb;109(2):275-84. Epub 2009 Feb 7.


In the present study, the effects of long-term angiotensin (Ang) II antagonism on the development of cardiac and endothelial disorders were examined in Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT) rats.
4(0,0,0,4) Details
17762662 Muller-Brunotte R, Kahan T, Lopez B, Edner M, Gonzalez A, Diez J, Malmqvist K: Myocardial fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction in patients with hypertension: results from the Swedish Irbesartan Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Investigation versus Atenolol (SILVHIA). J Hypertens. 2007 Sep;25(9):1958-66.


Patients with LVH were subsequently randomly assigned to the angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker irbesartan or the beta1 receptor blocker atenolol for 48 weeks.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18773126 Liu H, Zhang S, Jiang S, Mao G, Hong X, Yu Y, Zhang Y, Tang G, Xing H, Xu X: Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system gene polymorphisms and antihypertensive response to irbesartan in Chinese hypertensives. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 2008 May;30(4):307-12.


Subjects with the 174MM genotype of the angiotensinogen (AGT) gene had a significantly greater average SBP reduction (p = 0.025).
1(0,0,0,1) Details