Protein Information

Name interleukin 6
Synonyms 26 kd protein; B cell differentiation factor; B cell stimulatory factor 2; BSF 2; BSF2; CDF; CTL differentiation factor; HGF…

Compound Information

Name biphenyl
CAS 1,1′-biphenyl

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
18609080 Persson F, Rossing P, Hovind P, Stehouwer CD, Schalkwijk CG, Tarnow L, Parving HH: Endothelial dysfunction and inflammation predict development of diabetic nephropathy in the Irbesartan in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Microalbuminuria (IRMA 2) study. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 2008;68(8):731-8.


Nine biomarkers were analysed: high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), fibrinogen, von Willebrand Factor (vWf), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), soluble intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), sE-selectin, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and AGE peptides.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
18239590 Toblli JE, Munoz MC, Cao G, Mella J, Pereyra L, Mastai R: ACE inhibition and AT1 receptor blockade prevent fatty liver and fibrosis in obese Zucker rats. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2008 Apr;16(4):770-6. Epub 2007 Jan 24.


Untreated OZR displayed higher hepatic ANG II levels and steatosis together with a marked increase in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) level compared to LZR.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
19303869 Chiang J, Shen YC, Wang YH, Hou YC, Chen CC, Liao JF, Yu MC, Juan CW, Liou KT: Honokiol protects rats against eccentric exercise-induced skeletal muscle damage by inhibiting NF-kappaB induced oxidative stress and inflammation. Eur J Pharmacol. 2009 May 21;610(1-3):119-27. Epub 2009 Mar 20.


The degree of muscle damage also paralleled dramatic gene expression for cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and inflammation-associated cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1), possibly through activation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kappaB), a crucial proinflammatory transcription factor.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19808375 Kassiri Z, Zhong J, Guo D, Basu R, Wang X, Liu PP, Scholey JW, Penninger JM, Oudit GY: Loss of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 accelerates maladaptive left ventricular remodeling in response to myocardial infarction. Circ Heart Fail. 2009 Sep;2(5):446-55. Epub 2009 Jun 15.


Loss of ACE2 also leads to increased neutrophilic infiltration in the infarct and peri-infarct regions, resulting in upregulation of inflammatory cytokines, interferon-gamma, interleukin-6, and the chemokine, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, as well as increased phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and JNK1/2 signaling pathways.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18666803 Goette A, D'Alessandro A, Bukowska A, Kropf S, Mewis C, Stellbrink C, Tebbenjohanns J, Weiss C, Lendeckel U: Rationale for and design of the CREATIVE-AF trial: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study of the effect of irbesartan on oxidative stress and adhesion molecules in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation. Clin Drug Investig. 2008;28(9):565-72.


Levels of adhesion molecules (intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1), inflammatory markers (high sensitivity C-reactive protein, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, von Willebrand factor, tumour growth factor-beta1, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6) and oxidative stress parameters (8-iso-prostaglandin F2alpha) will be determined after each treatment phase and compared with baseline levels.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19107823 Lee KH, Kim AJ, Choi EM: Antioxidant and antiinflammatory activity of pine pollen extract in vitro. Phytother Res. 2009 Jan;23(1):41-8.


PPE was found to inhibit the production of nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-1 and IL-6 in LPS-activated macrophages.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19211157 Ashwood P, Schauer J, Pessah IN, Van de Water J: Preliminary evidence of the in vitro effects of BDE-47 on innate immune responses in children with autism spectrum disorders. J Neuroimmunol. 2009 Mar 31;208(1-2):130-5. Epub 2009 Feb 10.

A common environmental contaminant, 2,2',4,4'-tetrabrominated biphenyl (BDE-47), was tested for differential effects on the immune response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolated from children with ASD (n=19) and age-matched typically developing controls (TD, n=18).
For example, cells cultured from the TD group demonstrated significantly decreased levels of the cytokines IL-12p40, GM-CSF, IL-6, TNFalpha, and the chemokines MIP-1alpha and MIP-1beta following LPS stimulation of PBMC pretreated with 100 nM BDE-47 compared with samples treated with vehicle control (p <0.05).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19180509 Li X, Ellman M, Muddasani P, Wang JH, Cs-Szabo G, van Wijnen AJ, Im HJ: Prostaglandin E2 and its cognate EP receptors control human adult articular cartilage homeostasis and are linked to the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2009 Feb;60(2):513-23.


PGE (2) titration combined with interleukin-1 (IL-1) synergistically accelerated expression of pain-associated molecules such as inducible nitric oxide synthase and IL-6.
1(0,0,0,1) Details