Protein Information

Name tumor necrosis factor
Synonyms Cachectin; DIF; TNF; TNF alpha; TNF a; TNFA; TNFSF 2; TNFSF2…

Compound Information

Name biphenyl
CAS 1,1′-biphenyl

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
17850091 Ye YQ, Koshino H, Onose J, Yoshikawa K, Abe N, Takahashi S: First total synthesis of vialinin A, a novel and extremely potent inhibitor of TNF-alpha production. Org Lett. 2007 Oct 11;9(21):4131-4. Epub 2007 Sep 12.

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19303869 Chiang J, Shen YC, Wang YH, Hou YC, Chen CC, Liao JF, Yu MC, Juan CW, Liou KT: Honokiol protects rats against eccentric exercise-induced skeletal muscle damage by inhibiting NF-kappaB induced oxidative stress and inflammation. Eur J Pharmacol. 2009 May 21;610(1-3):119-27. Epub 2009 Mar 20.


The degree of muscle damage also paralleled dramatic gene expression for cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and inflammation-associated cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1), possibly through activation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kappaB), a crucial proinflammatory transcription factor.
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18599488 Song JH, Kandasamy K, Kraft AS: ABT-737 induces expression of the death receptor 5 and sensitizes human cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. J Biol Chem. 2008 Sep 5;283(36):25003-13. Epub 2008 Jul 3.


Because Bcl-2 family members inhibit the ability of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) to induce apoptosis, we investigated whether ABT-737, a small molecule Bcl-2 inhibitor, enhances TRAIL killing.
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20156602 Oh JH, Park EJ, Park JW, Lee J, Lee SH, Kwon TK: A novel cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor down-regulates tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced expression of cell adhesion molecules by inhibition of NF-kappaB activation in human pulmonary epithelial cells. Int Immunopharmacol. 2010 Feb 13.

BAI (a novel cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor, 2-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl-N-[5-(1,1-dioxo-1lambda (6)-isothiazolidin-2-yl)-1H- indazol-3-yl] acetamide) is known to have anti-proliferative activity, but the mechanism responsible for it remains unclear.
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17914985 Kitamura K, Tada S, Nakamoto N, Toda K, Horikawa H, Kurita S, Tsunematsu S, Kumagai N, Ishii H, Saito H, Hibi T: Rho/Rho kinase is a key enzyme system involved in the angiotensin II signaling pathway of liver fibrosis and steatosis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007 Nov;22(11):2022-33.


Free radical production was detected by 4-hydroxynonenal and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine immunostaining and the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha was examined.
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18645030 Raja SM, Chen S, Yue P, Acker TM, Lefkove B, Arbiser JL, Khuri FR, Sun SY: The natural product honokiol preferentially inhibits cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein and augments death receptor-induced apoptosis. Mol Cancer Ther. 2008 Jul;7(7):2212-23.


Honokiol alone moderately inhibited the growth of human lung cancer cells; however, when combined with tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), greater effects on decreasing cell survival and inducing apoptosis than TRAIL alone were observed, indicating that honokiol cooperates with TRAIL to enhance apoptosis.
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19107823 Lee KH, Kim AJ, Choi EM: Antioxidant and antiinflammatory activity of pine pollen extract in vitro. Phytother Res. 2009 Jan;23(1):41-8.


PPE was found to inhibit the production of nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-1 and IL-6 in LPS-activated macrophages.
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19211157 Ashwood P, Schauer J, Pessah IN, Van de Water J: Preliminary evidence of the in vitro effects of BDE-47 on innate immune responses in children with autism spectrum disorders. J Neuroimmunol. 2009 Mar 31;208(1-2):130-5. Epub 2009 Feb 10.

A common environmental contaminant, 2,2',4,4'-tetrabrominated biphenyl (BDE-47), was tested for differential effects on the immune response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolated from children with ASD (n=19) and age-matched typically developing controls (TD, n=18).
For example, cells cultured from the TD group demonstrated significantly decreased levels of the cytokines IL-12p40, GM-CSF, IL-6, TNFalpha, and the chemokines MIP-1alpha and MIP-1beta following LPS stimulation of PBMC pretreated with 100 nM BDE-47 compared with samples treated with vehicle control (p <0.05).
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18371952 Zhao J, Chen H, Li Y: Protective effect of bicyclol on acute alcohol-induced liver injury in mice. Eur J Pharmacol. 2008 May 31;586(1-3):322-31. Epub 2008 Feb 29.


Over-expression of cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 1beta, elevated plasma endotoxin level, and up-regulation of CD14 were also suppressed by bicyclol in alcohol-intoxicated mice.
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19548191 Beretta G, Rossoni G, Santagati NA, Facino RM: Anti-ischemic activity and endothelium-dependent vasorelaxant effect of hydrolysable tannins from the leaves of Rhus coriaria (Sumac) in isolated rabbit heart and thoracic aorta. Planta Med. 2009 Nov;75(14):1482-8. Epub 2009 Jun 22.


In parallel there was a rise in the release of the cytoprotective 6-ketoprostaglandin F (1alpha) (6-keto-PGF (1alpha)) and a decrease of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), both significant only at the highest RCLE concentrations (150-500 microg/mL).
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19700629 Takahashi HK, Liu K, Wake H, Mori S, Zhang J, Liu R, Yoshino T, Nishibori M: Prostaglandin E2 inhibits advanced glycation end product-induced adhesion molecule expression, cytokine production, and lymphocyte proliferation in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2009 Nov;331(2):656-70. Epub 2009 Aug 21.

Because the engagement of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), B7.1, B7.2, and CD40 on monocytes with their ligands on T cells plays roles in cytokine production, we investigated the effects of AGE-2 and AGE-3 on the expressions of ICAM-1, B7.1, B7.2, and CD40 on monocytes, the production of interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha, and the lymphocyte proliferation in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and their modulation by prostaglandin E (2) (PGE (2)).
An EP (2)-receptor antagonist, 6-isopropoxy-9-oxaxanthene-2-carboxylic acid (AH6809), and an EP (4)-receptor antagonist, (4Z)-7-[(rel-1S,2S,5R)-5-(1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl) methoxy)-2-(4-morpholinyl)-3- oxocyclopentyl]-4-heptenoic acid (AH23848), inhibited the actions of PGE (2).
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18413764 Huang S, Sinicrope FA: BH3 mimetic ABT-737 potentiates TRAIL-mediated apoptotic signaling by unsequestering Bim and Bak in human pancreatic cancer cells. Cancer Res. 2008 Apr 15;68(8):2944-51.


Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has been shown to induce mitochondrial apoptotic signaling that can be negatively regulated by prosurvival Bcl-2 proteins.
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18801463 Lee SJ, Park SS, Lee US, Kim WJ, Moon SK: Signaling pathway for TNF-alpha-induced MMP-9 expression: mediation through p38 MAP kinase, and inhibition by anti-cancer molecule magnolol in human urinary bladder cancer 5637 cells. Int Immunopharmacol. 2008 Dec 20;8(13-14):1821-6. Epub 2008 Sep 16.


Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) stimulated the secretion of MMP-9 in 5637 cells, as shown by zymography and promoter assay.
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19109869 Yang TC, Zhang SW, Sun LN, Wang H, Ren AM: Magnolol attenuates sepsis-induced gastrointestinal dysmotility in rats by modulating inflammatory mediators. World J Gastroenterol. 2008 Dec 28;14(48):7353-60.


Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-10 (IL-10), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA in rat ileum were studied by RT-PCR 2 h after LPS injection.
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19445998 Kong CS, Kim JA, Qian ZJ, Kim YA, Lee JI, Kim SK, Nam TJ, Seo Y: Protective effect of isorhamnetin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside from Salicornia herbacea against oxidation-induced cell damage. Food Chem Toxicol. 2009 Aug;47(8):1914-20. Epub 2009 May 13.


In addition, it significantly inhibited oxidative damage of purified genomic DNA and suppressed activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO), a generator of potent oxidant (hypochlorous acid), in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) stimulated human myeloid cells.
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19772287 Aston NM, Bamborough P, Buckton JB, Edwards CD, Holmes DS, Jones KL, Patel VK, Smee PA, Somers DO, Vitulli G, Walker AL: p38alpha mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors: optimization of a series of biphenylamides to give a molecule suitable for clinical progression. J Med Chem. 2009 Oct 22;52(20):6257-69.


p38alpha MAP kinase is a key anti-inflammatory target for rheumatoid arthritis, influencing biosynthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFalpha and IL-1beta at a translational and transcriptional level.
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19901849 Munoz MC, Giani JF, Dominici FP, Turyn D, Toblli JE: Long-term treatment with an angiotensin II receptor blocker decreases adipocyte size and improves insulin signaling in obese Zucker rats. J Hypertens. 2009 Dec;27(12):2409-20.


RESULTS: Obese Zucker rats displayed hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperinsulinemia and hypercholesterolemia and increased SBP together with decreased activation of insulin signaling through the insulin receptor/insulin receptor substrate-1/phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/Akt pathway in adipose tissue as well as increased adipocytes size, macrophage infiltration and augmented levels of inflammatory mediators such tumor necrosis factor-alpha, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and Ang II.
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18239590 Toblli JE, Munoz MC, Cao G, Mella J, Pereyra L, Mastai R: ACE inhibition and AT1 receptor blockade prevent fatty liver and fibrosis in obese Zucker rats. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2008 Apr;16(4):770-6. Epub 2007 Jan 24.


Untreated OZR displayed higher hepatic ANG II levels and steatosis together with a marked increase in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) level compared to LZR.
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18241858 Lee SY, Yuk DY, Song HS, Yoon do Y, Jung JK, Moon DC, Lee BS, Hong JT: Growth inhibitory effects of obovatol through induction of apoptotic cell death in prostate and colon cancer by blocking of NF-kappaB. Eur J Pharmacol. 2008 Mar 17;582(1-3):17-25. Epub 2008 Jan 5.


Treatment of obovatol (10, 15, 20, 25 microM) inhibits cancer cell growth in the absence or the presence of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha , 10 ng/ml) and tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate (TPA 10 or 50 nM) in a concentration-dependent manner through induction of apoptotic cell death.
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