Protein Information

Name peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha
Synonyms NR1C1; PPAR; PPAR alpha; PPARA; PPARalpha; Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor; Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha; hPPAR…

Compound Information

Name biphenyl
CAS 1,1′-biphenyl

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
19144771 Buckley DB, Klaassen CD: Induction of mouse UDP-glucuronosyltransferase mRNA expression in liver and intestine by activators of aryl-hydrocarbon receptor, constitutive androstane receptor, pregnane X receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2. Drug Metab Dispos. 2009 Apr;37(4):847-56. Epub 2009 Jan 14.

Male C57BL/6 mice were treated for four consecutive days with activators of AhR [2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (TCDD), polychlorinated biphenyl 126, and beta-naphthoflavone], CAR [1,4-bis [2-(3,5-dichloropyridyloxy)] benzene (TCPOBOP), phenobarbital, and diallyl sulfide], PXR [pregnenolone-16alpha-carbonitrile (PCN), spironolactone, and dexamethasone], PPARalpha (clofibrate, ciprofibrate, and diethylhexylphthalate), and Nrf2 (oltipraz, ethoxyquin, and butylated hydroxyanisole), respectively.
35(0,1,1,5) Details
17764562 Su Y, Vanderlaag K, Ireland C, Ortiz J, Grage H, Safe S, Frankel AE: 1,1-Bis (3'-indolyl)-1-(p-biphenyl) methane inhibits basal-like breast cancer growth in athymic nude mice. Breast Cancer Res. 2007;9(4):R56.

INTRODUCTION: 1,1-Bis (3'-indolyl)-1-(p-biphenyl) methane (CDIM9) has been identified as a new peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma agonist that exhibits both receptor dependent and independent antitumor activities.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
19427351 Yu HY, Wang BL, Zhao J, Yao XM, Gu Y, Li Y: Protective effect of bicyclol on tetracycline-induced fatty liver in mice. Toxicology. 2009 Jul 10;261(3):112-8. Epub 2009 May 7.


Peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) and oxidative stress are two important pathological factors in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
6(0,0,0,6) Details
18783396 Jing L, Li WM, Zhou LJ, Li S, Kou JJ, Song J: Expression of renin-angiotensin system and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in alcoholic cardiomyopathy. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2008 Nov;32(11):1999-2007. Epub 2008 Sep 9.

6(0,0,0,6) Details
18724387 Sagar DR, Kendall DA, Chapman V: Inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase produces PPAR-alpha-mediated analgesia in a rat model of inflammatory pain. Br J Pharmacol. 2008 Dec;155(8):1297-306. Epub 2008 Aug 25.

Here, the effects of the FAAH inhibitor URB597 (3'-carbamoyl-biphenyl-3-yl-cyclohexylcarbamate) on responses of spinal neurons were studied.
5(0,0,0,5) Details
19301897 Lin CH, Peng YH, Coumar MS, Chittimalla SK, Liao CC, Lyn PC, Huang CC, Lien TW, Lin WH, Hsu JT, Cheng JH, Chen X, Wu JS, Chao YS, Lee HJ, Juo CG, Wu SY, Hsieh HP: Design and structural analysis of novel pharmacophores for potent and selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists. J Med Chem. 2009 Apr 23;52(8):2618-22.


Utilizing medicinal chemistry design strategies such as benzo splitting and ring expansion, we converted PPARalpha/gamma dual agonist 1 to selective PPARgamma agonists 19 and 20.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
20162403 Kim DK, Park EJ, Jeong JH, Jeon SH, Kim EJ, Shim HJ, Lim JI, Lee HS: Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry of a new PPARalpha/gamma dual agonist PAR-5359 in rat plasma. Arch Pharm Res. 2009 Dec;32(12):1743-8. Epub 2010 Feb 17.

The analytes were separated on an Allure Biphenyl column with the mobile phase of 78% methanol in 10 mM ammonium formate (pH 3.0) and detected by tandem mass spectrometry in the selective reaction monitoring mode.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
18274624 Robertson LW, Berberian I, Borges T, Chen LC, Chow CK, Glauert HP, Filser JG, Thomas H: Suppression of Peroxisomal Enzyme Activities and Cytochrome P450 4A Isozyme Expression by Congeneric Polybrominated and Polychlorinated Biphenyls. PPAR Res. 2007;2007:15481.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of PCBs and PBBs on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha-(PPARalpha-) associated enzyme activities or protein levels.
None of the peroxisomal enzyme activities were significantly increased by any of the halogenated biphenyl congeners tested.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19376135 Choi SS, Cha BY, Lee YS, Yonezawa T, Teruya T, Nagai K, Woo JT: Magnolol enhances adipocyte differentiation and glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 cells. Life Sci. 2009 Jun 19;84(25-26):908-14. Epub 2009 Apr 17.


AIMS: The nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma plays an important role in adipocyte differentiation.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18162196 Fliegner D, Westermann D, Riad A, Schubert C, Becher E, Fielitz J, Tschope C, Regitz-Zagrosek V: Up-regulation of PPARgamma in myocardial infarction. Eur J Heart Fail. 2008 Jan;10(1):30-8. Epub 2007 Dec 27.


BACKGROUND: Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) are key regulators for cardiac energy metabolism after myocardial injury.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
19467301 Arzuaga X, Ren N, Stromberg A, Black EP, Arsenescu V, Cassis LA, Majkova Z, Toborek M, Hennig B: Induction of gene pattern changes associated with dysfunctional lipid metabolism induced by dietary fat and exposure to a persistent organic pollutant. Toxicol Lett. 2009 Sep 10;189(2):96-101. Epub 2009 May 23.

A study was designed to explore gene expression changes as affected by both dietary fat and exposure to the polychlorinated biphenyl PCB77.
Many of these genes are regulated by the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha), and changes in PPARalpha gene expression followed the same gene pattern as described above.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19637155 Clapper JR, Vacondio F, King AR, Duranti A, Tontini A, Silva C, Sanchini S, Tarzia G, Mor M, Piomelli D: A second generation of carbamate-based fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitors with improved activity in vivo. ChemMedChem. 2009 Sep;4(9):1505-13.


The fatty acid ethanolamides are a class of signaling lipids that include agonists at cannabinoid and alpha type peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARalpha).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19355995 Derosa G, Ferrari I, Cicero AF: Irbesartan and hydrochlorothiazide association in the treatment of hypertension. Curr Vasc Pharmacol. 2009 Apr;7(2):120-36.


Moreover, irbesartan has peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonistic effects in in vitro studies, and it also demonstrated beneficial effects on inflammatory markers of atherosclerosis and endothelial function.
1(0,0,0,1) Details