Protein Information

Name xanthine oxidase
Synonyms XDH; XDHA; XO; XOD; XOR; Xanthene dehydrogenase; Xanthine dehydrogenase; Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase…

Compound Information

Name biphenyl
CAS 1,1′-biphenyl

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
18222061 Hayder N, Bouhlel I, Skandrani I, Kadri M, Steiman R, Guiraud P, Mariotte AM, Ghedira K, Dijoux-Franca MG, Chekir-Ghedira L: In vitro antioxidant and antigenotoxic potentials of myricetin-3-o-galactoside and myricetin-3-o-rhamnoside from Myrtus communis: modulation of expression of genes involved in cell defence system using cDNA microarray. Toxicol In Vitro. 2008 Apr;22(3):567-81. Epub 2007 Dec 7.


Antioxidant activity of myricetin-3-o-galactoside and myricetin-3-o-rhamnoside, isolated from the leaves of Myrtus communis, was determined by the ability of each compound to inhibit xanthine oxidase activity, lipid peroxidation and to scavenge the free radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
18201686 Lin HC, Tsai SH, Chen CS, Chang YC, Lee CM, Lai ZY, Lin CM: Structure-activity relationship of coumarin derivatives on xanthine oxidase-inhibiting and free radical-scavenging activities. Biochem Pharmacol. 2008 Mar 15;75(6):1416-25. Epub 2007 Dec 15.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
18420362 Ahmad NS, Farman M, Najmi MH, Mian KB, Hasan A: Pharmacological basis for use of Pistacia integerrima leaves in hyperuricemia and gout. J Ethnopharmacol. 2008 May 22;117(3):478-82. Epub 2008 Mar 4.


MATERIAL AND METHODS: Radical scavenging activity was determined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory activity assay in vitro.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
18806960 Choi MY, Song HS, Hur HS, Sim SS: Whitening activity of luteolin related to the inhibition of cAMP pathway in alpha-MSH-stimulated B16 melanoma cells. Arch Pharm Res. 2008 Sep;31(9):1166-71. Epub 2008 Sep 20.


Also, luteolin directly inhibited xanthine oxidase activity in a dose-dependent manner.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19420773 Panteleon V, Kostakis IK, Marakos P, Pouli N, Andreadou I: Synthesis of some new spiropyranoquinolines and evaluation of their free radical scavenging activity. Chem Pharm Bull. 2009 May;57(5):446-52.


The free radical scavenging activity of the compounds was determined by means of their interaction with the stable free radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and the superoxide anions generated by the enzymic xanthine-xanthine oxidase system.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19735191 Kim YH, Bang CY, Won EK, Kim JP, Choung SY: Antioxidant activities of Vaccinium uliginosum L. extract and its active components. J Med Food. 2009 Aug;12(4):885-92.


The fractions containing polyphenol, pigment, and sugar/acid significantly inhibited xanthine oxidase.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18022343 Lee SJ, Lim KT: Glycoprotein of Zanthoxylum piperitum DC has a hepatoprotective effect via anti-oxidative character in vivo and in vitro. Toxicol In Vitro. 2008 Mar;22(2):376-85. Epub 2007 Oct 14.


In hepatocyte cell lines (Chang liver and BNL CL.2 cells), the results showed that ZPDC glycoprotein has an inhibitory effect on hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase- or glucose/glucose oxidase-induced cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18640101 Dikalov S, Losik T, Arbiser JL: Honokiol is a potent scavenger of superoxide and peroxyl radicals. Biochem Pharmacol. 2008 Sep 1;76(5):589-96. Epub 2008 Jul 2.


Honokiol efficiently scavenged superoxide radicals in xanthine oxidase and cytochrome P-450 cell-free systems with the rate constant 3.2x10 (5) M (-1) s (-1), which is similar to reactivity of ascorbic acid but 20-times higher than reactivity of vitamin E analog trolox.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18688813 Yoo EA, Kim SD, Lee WM, Park HJ, Kim SK, Cho JY, Min W, Rhee MH: Evaluation of antioxidant, antinociceptive, and anti-inflammatory activities of ethanol extracts from Aloe saponaria Haw. Phytother Res. 2008 Oct;22(10):1389-95.


To elucidate the mechanism of the antihypertensive and anti-inflammatory activities of this herb, the ethanol fraction from A. saponaria Haw. was evaluated for antioxidative activity using xanthine-xanthine oxidase (XO) assay, 2,2-Diphenyl-lpicrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) assay, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 cell, and antinociceptive activity using a tail-flick assay and hind paw pressure assay in cisplatin-treated hyperalgesic rats.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18538762 Lu C, Su LY, Lee RM, Gao YJ: Superoxide anion mediates angiotensin II-induced potentiation of contractile response to sympathetic stimulation. Eur J Pharmacol. 2008 Jul 28;589(1-3):188-93. Epub 2008 May 5.


This potentiation was blunted by an angiotensin AT (1) receptor antagonist (2-ethoxy-1-[[2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl) biphenyl-4-yl] methyl]-1H-benzimidazole- 7-carboxylic acid, CV-11974), NAD (P) H oxidase inhibitor (apocynin), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and its mimetic tiron, but not affected by angiotensin AT (2) receptor antagonist and inhibitors of xanthine oxidase, cytochrome P450, and cyclooxygenase.
0(0,0,0,0) Details