Protein Information

Name alcohol dehydrogenase (protein family or complex)
Synonyms ADH; alcohol dehydrogenase; alcohol dehydrogenases

Compound Information

Name allyl alcohol
CAS 2-propen-1-ol

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
2034210 Wisman E, Koornneef M, Chase T, Lifshytz E, Ramanna MS, Zabel P: Genetic and molecular characterization of an Adh-1 null mutant in tomato. Mol Gen Genet. 1991 Apr;226(1-2):120-8.

Treatment of tomato seeds with ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS) followed by allyl alcohol selection of M2 seeds has led to the identification of one plant (B15-1) heterozygous for an alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) null mutation.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
6752127 Lorowitz W, Clark D: Escherichia coli mutants with a temperature-sensitive alcohol dehydrogenase. J Bacteriol. 1982 Nov;152(2):935-8.

Mutants of Escherichia coli resistant to allyl alcohol were selected.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
7039600 Wills C, Kratofil P, Martin T: Functional mutants of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase. . Basic Life Sci. 1982;19:305-29.

Selection of petite strains of yeast (that is, strains unable to respire aerobically) on media containing allyl alcohol will result in enrichment for mutants at the ADC1 locus.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
10334943 Curtis AJ, Shirk MC, Fall R: Allylic or benzylic stabilization is essential for catalysis by bacterial benzyl alcohol dehydrogenases. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1999 May 27;259(1):220-3.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
3801056 Jaeschke H, Kleinwaechter C, Wendel A: The role of acrolein in allyl alcohol-induced lipid peroxidation and liver cell damage in mice. Biochem Pharmacol. 1987 Jan 1;36(1):51-7.

About 80% of the cytosolic alcohol dehydrogenase activity and about 50% of the microsomal P450-content were destroyed.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
16347579 Youngleson JS, Santangelo JD, Jones DT, Woods DR: Cloning and Expression of a Clostridium acetobutylicum Alcohol Dehydrogenase Gene in Escherichia coli. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1988 Mar;54(3):676-682.

Escherichia coli HB101, and an allyl alcohol-resistant mutant, HB101-adh1, containing this plasmid were unable to grow aerobically or anaerobically on agar media containing sublethal concentrations of allyl alcohol.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
2930914 Ohno Y, Ormstad K, Ross D, Orrenius S: Mechanism of allyl alcohol toxicity and protective effects of low-molecular-weight thiols studied with isolated rat hepatocytes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1985 Apr;78(2):169-79.

The toxicity was prevented by inhibitors of alcohol dehydrogenase and augmented by the aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor disulfiram, suggesting that the toxic metabolite was the reactive aldehyde acrolein.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
6383854 Killary AM, Fournier RE: An isozyme-specific selective system for the recovery of mammalian cells deficient in hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase activity. Exp Cell Res. 1984 Oct;154(2):442-53.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
17037060 Pan LJ, Fu P, Zheng Z, Luo SZ, Jiang ST: [Screening of a low alcohol dehydrogenase activity mutant of rhizopus oryzae and the regulation of Zn2+ and Mg2+]. Wei Sheng Wu Xue Bao. 2006 Aug;46(4):586-90.

In present study, Rhizopus oryzae As3.3461 was mutated with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (NTG), and 21 mutants which showed lower ADH activity were isolated with selective medium of Yeast-Peptone-Dextrose (YPD) containing 0.6% allyl alcohol (V/V).
2(0,0,0,2) Details
12184789 Fontaine FR, Dunlop RA, Petersen DR, Burcham PC: Oxidative bioactivation of crotyl alcohol to the toxic endogenous aldehyde crotonaldehyde: association of protein carbonylation with toxicity in mouse hepatocytes. Chem Res Toxicol. 2002 Aug;15(8):1051-8.

This is analogous to the way allyl alcohol is converted in vivo to its toxic oxidation product, acrolein.
In kinetic studies, we found that crotyl alcohol was readily oxidized by equine liver alcohol dehydrogenase, with electrospray-mass spectrometry confirming that CA was the main product formed.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
221102 Philpott GW, Grass EH, Parker CW: Affinity cytotoxicity with an alcohol dehydrogenase-antibody conjugate and allyl alcohol. Cancer Res. 1979 Jun;39(6 Pt 1):2084-9.
112(1,2,2,2) Details
2565200 Kershaw WC, Barsotti DA, Leonard TB, Dent JG, Lage GL: Methoxyflurane enhances allyl alcohol hepatotoxicity in rats. Drug Metab Dispos. 1989 Mar-Apr;17(2):117-22.

The possibility that methoxyflurane increases alcohol dehydrogenase-dependent oxidation of allyl alcohol to acrolein, the proposed toxic metabolite, was evaluated by measuring the rate of acrolein formation in the presence of allyl alcohol and liver cytosol.
94(1,1,3,4) Details
7943667 Mapoles JE, Iwahashi M, Lucas D, Zimmerman BT, Simon FR: Acetaldehyde exposure causes growth inhibition in a Chinese hamster ovary cell line that expresses alcohol dehydrogenase. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1994 Jun;18(3):632-9.

Cells expressing alcohol dehydrogenase were identified by screening with allyl alcohol, which is metabolized by alcohol dehydrogenase to the toxic aldehyde acrolein.
92(1,1,2,7) Details
367361 Wills C, Phelps J: Functional mutants of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase affecting kinetics, cellular redox balance, and electrophoretic mobility. Biochem Genet. 1978 Jun;16(5-6):415-32.

Repeated selection of petite (respiratorily incompetent) Saccharomyces cerevisiae on medium containing allyl alcohol, both on plates and in the turbidostat, results in mutants with a remarkably similar response.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
1993065 Keung WM: Human liver alcohol dehydrogenases catalyze the oxidation of the intermediary alcohols of the shunt pathway of mevalonate metabolism. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1991 Jan 31;174(2):701-7.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
7024092 Bader J, Kim MA, Simon H: The reduction of allyl alcohols by Clostridium species is catalyzed by the combined action of alcohol dehydrogenase and enoate reductase. Hoppe Seylers Z Physiol Chem. 1981 Jun;362(6):809-20.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
3377801 Haenen GR, Vermeulen NP, Tai Tin Tsoi JN, Ragetli HM, Timmerman H, Blast A: Activation of the microsomal glutathione-S-transferase and reduction of the glutathione dependent protection against lipid peroxidation by acrolein. Biochem Pharmacol. 1988 May 15;37(10):1933-8.

Administration of 375 mg pyrazole/kg, an inhibitor of the alcohol dehydrogenase, thus reducing the acrolein formation, prevented the in vivo stimulation of GSH-tr by allyl alcohol.
87(1,1,2,2) Details
3421708 Miccadei S, Nakae D, Kyle ME, Gilfor D, Farber JL: Oxidative cell injury in the killing of cultured hepatocytes by allyl alcohol. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1988 Sep;265(2):302-10.

The killing of cultured hepatocytes by allyl alcohol depended on the metabolism of this hepatotoxin by alcohol dehydrogenase to the reactive electrophile, acrolein.
82(1,1,1,2) Details
1747095 Williamson VM, Long M, Theodoris G: Isolation of Caenorhabditis elegans mutants lacking alcohol dehydrogenase activity. Biochem Genet. 1991 Aug;29(7-8):313-23.

C. elegans is sensitive to allyl alcohol, a compound that has been used to select for ADH-null mutants of several organisms.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
11394713 Karas M, Chakrabarti SK: Influence of caffeine on allyl alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol. 2001;20(2):141-54.

Treatment of rats with 4-methylpyrazole (4-MP) (0.5 mmol/kg, i.p.) (an inhibitor liver alcohol dehydrogenase) for 30 minutes, followed by similar cotreatment with AA and CF, completely prevented the elevation of plasma levels of ALT and histological damage induced by cotreatment with CF and AA 24 hours following their administration.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
2489200 Atzori L, Dore M, Congiu L: Aspects of allyl alcohol toxicity. Drug Metabol Drug Interact. 1989;7(4):295-319.

AA is inactive per se and its toxic expression is modulated by its alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) oxidation to form acrolein, which is responsible for the hepatotoxic action.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
1883228 Camougrand N, Velours G, Guerin M: Biochemical studies carried out on different groups of Candida parapsilosis and Candida rhagii strains by comparing some cellular and mitochondrial activities. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 1991 May;59(4):235-41.


Measurements of alcohol dehydrogenase activity, resistance to drugs and occurrence of an alternative pathway enabled us to confirm the classification between several subgroups within the C. parapsilosis species.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
10092940 Trivic S, Leskovac V: Novel substrates of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase--4. Biochem Mol Biol Int. 1999 Jan;47(1):1-8.

In the present work, we have determined the steady-state kinetic constants for yeast alcohol dehydrogenase-catalyzed oxidation of allyl alcohol (H2C = CH.CH2OH) and ethylene glycol (HOCH2.CH2OH) with NAD+, at pH 8.0; also, a kinetic mechanism for the former reaction was determined at the same pH.
83(1,1,1,3) Details
394999 Nizze H, Lapis K, Kovacs L: Allyl alcohol-induced changes in the rat exocrine pancreas. . Digestion. 1979;19(6):359-69.

The findings are regarded as the consequence of the toxic action or acrolein that originates after allyl alcohol oxidation by alcohol dehydrogenase.
82(1,1,1,2) Details
6049921 Rees KR, Tarlow MJ: The hepatotoxic action of allyl formate. . Biochem J. 1967 Sep;104(3):757-61.

The results suggest that allyl formate is not the toxic agent but that it is converted via allyl alcohol into acrolein.
This reaction requires the presence of alcohol dehydrogenase.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
4404964 Serafini-Cessi F: Conversion of allyl alcohol into acrolein by rat liver. . Biochem J. 1972 Aug;128(5):1103-7.

Inhibitors of rat liver alcohol dehydrogenase inhibited the reaction. 3.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
11835630 Burcham PC, Fontaine F: Extensive protein carbonylation precedes acrolein-mediated cell death in mouse hepatocytes. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2001;15(6):309-16.

Allyl alcohol hepatotoxicity is mediated by an alcohol dehydrogenase-derived biotranformation product, acrolein.
82(1,1,1,2) Details
2653764 Rikans LE: Influence of aging on chemically induced hepatotoxicity: role of age-related changes in metabolism. Drug Metab Rev. 1989;20(1):87-110.

In the case of allyl alcohol hepatotoxicity in male rats, there is a good relationship between increased metabolic activation by liver alcohol dehydrogenase and enhanced hepatotoxicity in old age.
81(1,1,1,1) Details
9972923 Lee JY, Chung SM, Lee MY, Chung JH: Ethanol co-exposure increases lethality of allyl alcohol in male Sprague-Dawley rats. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 1999 Jan 22;56(2):121-30.

Since allyl alcohol and ethanol are both metabolized by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), ethanol could affect allyl-alcohol induced toxicity under in vivo coexposure conditions.
81(1,1,1,1) Details
2596853 Silva JM, O'Brien PJ: Allyl alcohol- and acrolein-induced toxicity in isolated rat hepatocytes. . Arch Biochem Biophys. 1989 Dec;275(2):551-8.

Incubation of isolated hepatocytes with allyl alcohol results in GSH depletion and subsequent cytotoxicity which is prevented by pyrazole, an inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase.
81(1,1,1,1) Details
8861782 Khan S, Sood C, O'Brien PJ: The involvement of cytochrome P4502E1 in 2-bromoethanol-induced hepatocyte cytotoxicity. Pharmacol Toxicol. 1996 Apr;78(4):241-8.


Alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitors, methyl pyrazole or dimethyl sulfoxide only partly prevented 2-bromoethanol induced GSH depletion, lipid peroxidation and cytotoxicity.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16207909 Lemar KM, Passa O, Aon MA, Cortassa S, Muller CT, Plummer S, O'Rourke B, Lloyd D: Allyl alcohol and garlic (Allium sativum) extract produce oxidative stress in Candida albicans. Microbiology. 2005 Oct;151(Pt 10):3257-65.

Known targets for AA are alcohol dehydrogenases Adh1 and 2 (in the cytosol) and Adh3 (mitochondrial), although the significant decrease in NAD (P) H after addition of AA is indicative of another mechanism of action.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
6708931 Belinsky SA, Matsumura T, Kauffman FC, Thurman RG: Rates of allyl alcohol metabolism in periportal and pericentral regions of the liver lobule. Mol Pharmacol. 1984 Jan;25(1):158-64.

The maximal increase in NADH fluorescence due to allyl alcohol infusion (100 microM) was greater in pericentral than in periportal regions. 4-Methylpyrazole (80 microM), an inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase, prevented the fluorescence increase due to allyl alcohol in both regions, indicating that the changes were due entirely to NADH generated from alcohol dehydrogenase-dependent allyl alcohol metabolism.
81(1,1,1,1) Details
4368394 Rando RR: Allyl alcohol-induced irreversible inhibition of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase. Biochem Pharmacol. 1974 Aug 15;23(16):2328-31.
81(1,1,1,1) Details
8937432 Glascott PA Jr, Gilfor E, Serroni A, Farber JL: Independent antioxidant action of vitamins E and C in cultured rat hepatocytes intoxicated with allyl alcohol. Biochem Pharmacol. 1996 Oct 25;52(8):1245-52.

Alcohol dehydrogenase rapidly metabolizes allyl alcohol to the potent electrophile acrolein.
81(1,1,1,1) Details
3044924 Wills C, Hom D: An efficient selection producing structural gene mutants of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase resistant to pyrazole. Genetics. 1988 Aug;119(4):791-5.

Selection for resistance to allyl alcohol in respiration-incompetent Saccharomyces cerevisiae produces a high proportion of mutants that can be localized within the ADH2 structural gene and that still, because of the type of selection employed, retain enzyme activity.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
11306107 Moridani MY, Khan S, Chan T, Teng S, Beard K, O'Brien PJ: Cytochrome P450 2E1 metabolically activates propargyl alcohol: propiolaldehyde-induced hepatocyte cytotoxicity. Chem Biol Interact. 2001 Jan 30;130-132(1-3):931-42.

Propargyl alcohol (2-propyn-1-ol), because of its structural similarity to allyl alcohol, was thought to be activated by alcohol dehydrogenase.
81(1,1,1,1) Details
3156001 Ohno Y, Jones TW, Ormstad K: Allyl alcohol toxicity in isolated renal epithelial cells: protective effects of low molecular weight thiols. Chem Biol Interact. 1985 Jan;52(3):289-99.

The sensitivity of female rat renal cells appears to relate to the higher activity of alcohol dehydrogenase found in the female rat kidney, which metabolizes allyl alcohol to the highly reactive aldehyde, acrolein.
62(0,2,2,2) Details
2933316 Belinsky SA, Bradford BU, Forman DT, Glassman EB, Felder MR, Thurman RG: Hepatotoxicity due to allyl alcohol in deermice depends on alcohol dehydrogenase. Hepatology. 1985 Nov-Dec;5(6):1179-82.

Thus, these data demonstrate that metabolism of allyl alcohol to acrolein by alcohol dehydrogenase is obligatory for the hepatotoxicity of allyl alcohol.
49(0,1,4,4) Details
3319769 Hall JG, Wills C: Conditional overdominance at an alcohol dehydrogenase locus in yeast. Genetics. 1987 Nov;117(3):421-7.

Here we report an example of overdominance that is temperature- and allyl alcohol-dependent and due to heterozygosity at the ADH1 locus, involving two ADHI functional mutants.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16347493 Rogers P, Palosaari N: Clostridium acetobutylicum Mutants That Produce Butyraldehyde and Altered Quantities of Solvents. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1987 Dec;53(12):2761-2766.

Spontaneous mutants of Clostridium acetobutylicum NRRL B643 that were resistant to allyl alcohol (AA) were selected and characterized.
These mutants contained 10- to 100-fold reduced activities of butanol and ethanol alcohol dehydrogenase.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
780131 Wills C: Controlling protein evolution. Fed Proc. 1976 Aug;35(10):2098-101.

The method depends on the facts that a) petite yeast strains (those unable to respire aerobically) have an absolute dependence on the presence of cytoplasmic alcohol dehydrogenase, and b) allyl alcohol is readily oxidized by yeast ADH to the highly poisonous product acrolein.
32(0,1,1,2) Details
3668850 Rikans LE, Moore DR: Effect of age and sex on allyl alcohol hepatotoxicity in rats: role of liver alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase activities. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1987 Oct;243(1):20-6.

The activity of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) with allyl alcohol as substrate was measured in liver cytosolic fractions of rats at ages representing young adulthood, middle age and old age.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
3303037 Plapp BV, Ganzhorn AJ, Gould RM, Green DW, Hershey AD: Structure and function in yeast alcohol dehydrogenases. . Prog Clin Biol Res. 1987;232:227-36.

The lower turnover number explains why yeast harboring the mutant Arg enzyme are resistant to poisoning by allyl alcohol.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
2886987 Penttila KE, Makinen J, Lindros KO: Allyl alcohol liver injury: suppression by ethanol and relation to transient glutathione depletion. Pharmacol Toxicol. 1987 May;60(5):340-4.

Inhibition of alcohol dehydrogenase by 4-methyl pyrazole completely counteracted these effects.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
2795457 Mitchell DY, Petersen DR: Metabolism of the glutathione-acrolein adduct, S-(2-aldehydo-ethyl) glutathione, by rat liver alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1989 Oct;251(1):193-8.

The oxidative and reductive metabolism of the acrolein-glutathione adduct, S-(2,aldehydo-ethyl) glutathione, by rat liver aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) was characterized.
Collectively, these results indicate that the glutathione-acrolein adduct formed after exposure to acrolein, or as a result of allyl alcohol oxidation and cyclophosphamide metabolism, can be oxidized by hepatic ALDH or ADH, respectively.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
2835185 Penttila KE: Allyl alcohol cytotoxicity and glutathione depletion in isolated periportal and perivenous rat hepatocytes. Chem Biol Interact. 1988;65(2):107-21.

0(0,0,0,0) Details
16347373 Osman YA, Ingram LO: Zymomonas mobilis Mutants with an Increased Rate of Alcohol Production. . Appl Environ Microbiol. 1987 Jul;53(7):1425-1432.


These new strains were selected for the ability to grow and produce ethanol rapidly on transfer into fresh broth containing ethanol and allyl alcohol.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
8905240 Atzori L, Congiu L: Effect of verapamil on allyl alcohol hepatotoxicity. Drug Metabol Drug Interact. 1996;13(2):87-98.

0(0,0,0,0) Details
44189 Talbot BG, Thirion JP: Comparison of the properties of the alcohol dehydrogenases from wild-type and mutant Chinese hamster somatic cells. Biochem Genet. 1979 Oct;17(9-10):807-24.

Alcohol dehydrogenases (alcohol: NAD oxidoreductase, E.C. 1.1.1.1.) from allyl alcohol-resistant and wild-type Chinese hamster cells were purified using gel filtration, ion-exchange, and affinity-column chromatography.
32(0,1,1,2) Details
9169072 Sneed RA, Grimes SD, Schultze AE, Brown AP, Ganey PE: Bacterial endotoxin enhances the hepatotoxicity of allyl alcohol. . Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1997 May;144(1):77-87.

On the other hand, pretreatment with 4-methylpyrazole, an inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase, abolished the hepatotoxicity of allyl alcohol in LPS-treated rats, indicating that production of acrolein was needed for LPS enhancement of the toxicity of allyl alcohol.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
320455 Hynes MJ, Kelly JM: Pleiotropic mutants of Aspergillus nidulans altered in carbon metabolism. . Mol Gen Genet. 1977 Jan 18;150(2):193-204.


The creB and creC mutants are hypersensitive to fluoroacetate, fluoroacetamide and allyl alcohol in the presence of glucose or sucrose but not glycerol; and the enzymes, acetamidase and alcohol dehydrogenase, are less sensitive to carbon catabolite repression than the wild-type strain.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
17248709 Schwartz D, Osterman J: A Pollen Selection System for Alcohol-Dehydrogenase-Negative Mutants in Plants. Genetics. 1976 May;83(1):63-65.


Exposure of freshly shed maize pollen to allyl alcohol vapors allows selective fertilization by mutant alcohol-dehydrogenase-negative grains.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
11835631 Alam K, Nagi MN, Al-Shabanah OA, Al-Bekairi AM: Beneficial effect of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor on hepatotoxicity induced by allyl alcohol. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2001;15(6):317-21.

0(0,0,0,0) Details
6473897 Tanaka E, Nakamura T, Misawa S, Yoshida T, Kuroiwa Y: Effects of allyl alcohol and bromobenzene on trimethadione metabolism in the rat. Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol. 1984 Jul;45(1):137-51.

0(0,0,0,0) Details
10905545 Burcham PC, Kerr PG, Fontaine F: The antihypertensive hydralazine is an efficient scavenger of acrolein. Redox Rep. 2000;5(1):47-9.

Hydralazine also protected isolated mouse hepatocytes against cell killing by allyl alcohol, which undergoes in situ alcohol dehydrogenase-catalysed conversion to acrolein.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
8075374 DeMaster EG, Dahlseid T, Redfern B: Comparative oxidation of 2-propyn-1-ol with other low molecular weight unsaturated and saturated primary alcohols by bovine liver catalase in vitro. Chem Res Toxicol. 1994 May-Jun;7(3):414-9.

The oxidative metabolism of low molecular weight, saturated and unsaturated, primary alcohols, which include ethanol, allyl alcohol (2-propen-1-ol), and propargyl alcohol (2-propyn-1-ol), is generally accepted to occur via alcohol dehydrogenase; however, compared to other short-chain alcohols, 2-propyn-1-ol is a poor substrate for this enzyme.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
640376 Thirion JP, Talbot B: Alcohol dehydrogenase mutants of Chinese hamster somatic cells resistant to allyl alcohol. Genetics. 1978 Feb;88(2):343-56.
13(0,0,2,3) Details
3549443 Hall JG, Wills C: Functional alcohol dehydrogenase mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae conferring temperature-conditional allyl alcohol resistance. Genetics. 1987 Jan;115(1):65-71.
12(0,0,2,2) Details
8347158 Hammond AH, Fry JR: Maintenance of xenobiotic metabolism and toxicity in rat hepatocyte cultures after cell preservation at 4 degrees. Biochem Pharmacol. 1993 Jul 20;46(2):333-5.


The protein and glutathione contents, allyl alcohol and precocene II (PII) toxicities were also similar, as was the PII-mediated glutathione depletion.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
16630282 Mazzoni C, Iacchini S, Serafini A, Falcone C: Characterization of a Kluyveromyces lactis mutant with altered regulation of mitochondrial alcohol dehydrogenases. FEMS Yeast Res. 2006 May;6(3):421-7.

This mutation, firstly isolated in a strain devoid of alcohol dehydrogenase genes except KlADH4, conferred to cells resistance to allyl alcohol because of the absence of the KlAdh4p activity.
10(0,0,1,5) Details
3160368 Kato S, Ishii H, Kano S, Hagihara S, Todoroki T, Nagata S, Takahashi H, Shigeta Y, Tsuchiya M: Alcohol dehydrogenase: a new sensitive marker of hepatic centrilobular damage. Alcohol. 1985 Jan-Feb;2(1):35-8.

To determine whether serum alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity reflects hepatic damage of centrilobular region (zone 3), the rats were given either bromobenzene (BB) or allyl alcohol (AA) IP to produce the pericen tral or periportal necrosis respectively.
7(0,0,1,2) Details
16665878 Widholm JM, Kishinami I: Allyl Alcohol Selection for Lower Alcohol Dehydrogenase Activity in Nicotiana plumbaginifolia Cultured Cells. Plant Physiol. 1988 Jan;86(1):266-269.
7(0,0,1,2) Details
3377754 Jacobs M, Dolferus R, Van den Bossche D: Isolation and biochemical analysis of ethyl methanesulfonate-induced alcohol dehydrogenase null mutants of arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. Biochem Genet. 1988 Feb;26(1-2):105-22.

Several mutants have been isolated at the Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) gene locus using allyl alcohol selection on ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-mutagenized seeds.
7(0,0,1,2) Details
17156015 Saliola M, De Maria I, Lodi T, Fiori A, Falcone C: KlADH3, a gene encoding a mitochondrial alcohol dehydrogenase, affects respiratory metabolism and cytochrome content in Kluyveromyces lactis. FEMS Yeast Res. 2006 Dec;6(8):1184-92.

A Kluyveromyces lactis strain, harbouring KlADH3 as the unique alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) gene, was used in a genetic screen on allyl alcohol to isolate mutants deregulated in the expression of this gene.
7(0,0,1,2) Details
1417966 Hammond AH, Fry JR: Effect of serum-free medium on cytochrome P450-dependent metabolism and toxicity in rat cultured hepatocytes. Biochem Pharmacol. 1992 Oct 6;44(7):1461-4.

The activity of alcohol dehydrogenase and the toxicity of allyl alcohol were similar in hepatocytes cultured in serum-free and serum-containing medium for 96 hr.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
16347497 Wecker MS, Zall RR: Production of Acetaldehyde by Zymomonas mobilis. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1987 Dec;53(12):2815-2820.

Mutants of Zymomonas mobilis were selected for decreased alcohol dehydrogenase activity by using consecutively higher concentrations of allyl alcohol.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
8001172 Torres-Guzman JC, Arreola-Garcia GA, Zazueta-Sandoval R, Carrillo-Rayas T, Martinez-Cadena G, Gutierrez-Corona F: Genetic evidence for independence between fermentative metabolism (ethanol accumulation) and yeast-cell development in the dimorphic fungus Mucor rouxii. Curr Genet. 1994 Aug;26(2):166-71.

Three allyl-alcohol-resistant mutants were isolated in the dimorphic fungus Mucor rouxii and characterized with regard to their alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity in vitro and in vivo as well as their ability to execute the morphological alternatives of dimorphism under different environmental stimuli, either in the absence or in the presence of oxygen.
6(0,0,1,1) Details