Protein Information

Name glycyl tRNA synthetase
Synonyms CMT2D; SMAD1; Charcot Marie Tooth neuropathy 2D; DSMAV; GARS; GARS protein; GlyRS; Glycine tRNA ligase…

Compound Information

Name DSMA
CAS disodium methylarsonate

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
9879677 Sambuughin N, Sivakumar K, Selenge B, Lee HS, Friedlich D, Baasanjav D, Dalakas MC, Goldfarb LG: Autosomal dominant distal spinal muscular atrophy type V (dSMA-V) and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2D (CMT2D) segregate within a single large kindred and map to a refined region on chromosome 7p15. J Neurol Sci. 1998 Nov 26;161(1):23-8.

Two separate disorders, autosomal dominant distal spinal muscular atrophy type V (dSMA-V) characterized by marked bilateral weakness in the hands and atrophy of thenar eminence and the first interosseous muscle, and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2D (CMT2D) characterized by sensory deficits in addition to the upper limb weakness and wasting, have been independently linked to chromosome 7p.
55(0,1,5,5) Details
10400924 Ellsworth RE, Ionasescu V, Searby C, Sheffield VC, Braden VV, Kucaba TA, McPherson JD, Marra MA, Green ED: The CMT2D locus: refined genetic position and construction of a bacterial clone-based physical map. Genome Res. 1999 Jun;9(6):568-74.

Additional families have been linked subsequently to the same genomic region, including one with distal spinal muscular atrophy (dSMA) and one with mixed features of dSMA and CMT2; symptoms in both of these latter families closely resemble those seen in the original CMT2D family.
47(0,1,3,7) Details
17035524 Antonellis A, Lee-Lin SQ, Wasterlain A, Leo P, Quezado M, Goldfarb LG, Myung K, Burgess S, Fischbeck KH, Green ED: Functional analyses of glycyl-tRNA synthetase mutations suggest a key role for tRNA-charging enzymes in peripheral axons. J Neurosci. 2006 Oct 11;26(41):10397-406.

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2D (CMT2D) and distal spinal muscular atrophy type V (dSMA-V) are axonal neuropathies characterized by a phenotype that is more severe in the upper extremities.
13(0,0,2,3) Details
12690580 Antonellis A, Ellsworth RE, Sambuughin N, Puls I, Abel A, Lee-Lin SQ, Jordanova A, Kremensky I, Christodoulou K, Middleton LT, Sivakumar K, Ionasescu V, Funalot B, Vance JM, Goldfarb LG, Fischbeck KH, Green ED: Glycyl tRNA synthetase mutations in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2D and distal spinal muscular atrophy type V. Am J Hum Genet. 2003 May;72(5):1293-9. Epub 2003 Apr 10.

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2D (CMT2D) and distal spinal muscular atrophy type V (dSMA-V) are axonal peripheral neuropathies inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion.
13(0,0,2,3) Details
16014653 Sivakumar K, Kyriakides T, Puls I, Nicholson GA, Funalot B, Antonellis A, Sambuughin N, Christodoulou K, Beggs JL, Zamba-Papanicolaou E, Ionasescu V, Dalakas MC, Green ED, Fischbeck KH, Goldfarb LG: Phenotypic spectrum of disorders associated with glycyl-tRNA synthetase mutations. Brain. 2005 Oct;128(Pt 10):2304-14. Epub 2005 Jul 13.

Based on the presence or absence of sensory changes, the disease phenotype was initially defined as distal spinal muscular atrophy type V (dSMA-V) in three families, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2D (CMT2D) in a single family, and as either dSMA-V or CMT2D in patients of another large family.
8(0,0,1,3) Details
19412816 Blumen SC, Drory VE, Sadeh M, El-Ad B, Soimu U, Groozman GB, Bouchard JP, Goldfarb LG: Mutational analysis of glycyl-tRNA synthetase (GARS) gene in Hirayama disease. Amyotroph Lateral Scler. 2009 May 1:1-3.

Sporadic juvenile muscular atrophy of the distal upper extremity or Hirayama's disease (HD) and autosomal dominant motor distal neuronopathy/axonopathy (CMT2D/dSMA-V), produced by glycyl-tRNA synthetase (GARS) gene mutations, share some clinical features including: young age of onset, predilection for the distal upper extremity, asymmetry, sparing of proximal muscles and unusual cold sensitivity.
7(0,0,1,2) Details
19430273 Andreadou E, Christodoulou K, Manta P, Karandreas N, Loukaidis P, Sfagos C, Vassilopoulos D: Familial asymmetric distal upper limb amyotrophy (Hirayama disease): report of a Greek family. Neurologist. 2009 May;15(3):156-60.

Hypothesizing that this familial amyotrophy might be related to autosomal dominant distal spinal muscular atrophy type V (dSMA-V) that is characterized by prominent involvement of the distal upper extremities, we tested the index case for glycyl tRNA synthetase and Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy (BSCL2) N88S and S90L gene mutations (by direct sequencing) that are involved in the development of dSMA-V phenotype.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
16769947 Dubourg O, Azzedine H, Yaou RB, Pouget J, Barois A, Meininger V, Bouteiller D, Ruberg M, Brice A, LeGuern E: The G526R glycyl-tRNA synthetase gene mutation in distal hereditary motor neuropathy type V. Neurology. 2006 Jun 13;66(11):1721-6.

BACKGROUND: Distal hereditary motor neuropathy (dHMN) or distal spinal muscular atrophy (dSMA) is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized almost exclusively by degeneration of motor nerve fibers, predominantly in the distal part of the limbs.
4(0,0,0,4) Details