Protein Information

Name transferase
Synonyms 4' phosphopantetheinyl transferase; 4' phosphopantetheinyl transferase; AASD PPT; AASDHPPT; AASDPPT; Alpha aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase phosphopantetheinyl transferase; Aminoadipate semialdehyde dehydrogenase phosphopantetheinyl transferase; CGI 80…

Compound Information

Name sodium arsenite
CAS sodium arsenenite

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
8874798 Lu TH, Pepe J, Lambrecht RW, Bonkovsky HL: Regulation of metallothionein gene expression. Biochimie. 1996;78(4):236-44.

Treatment of the transfected cells with transition metallic ions (cadmium, cobalt, and zinc) or sodium arsenite produced increases in activities of luciferase or chloramphenicol acetyl transferase, relative to beta-galactosidase, and this activity mapped to the first 122 base pairs of the promoter.
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9494292 Meng Z, Hsie AW: [Molecular analysis of spontaneous and arsenite-induced mutations at the gpt locus in Chinese hamster ovary cells]. Yi Chuan Xue Bao. 1997 Oct;24(5):403-9.

In this study, we examined the mutagenicity of sodium arsenite at the xathine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase locus (gpt) in a pSV2 gpt-transformed CHO cell line AS52.
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3753679 Lee TC, Lee KC, Tzeng YJ, Huang RY, Jan KY: Sodium arsenite potentiates the clastogenicity and mutagenicity of DNA crosslinking agents. Environ Mutagen. 1986;8(1):119-28.

Furthermore, the mutagenicity of cis-Pt (II) at the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase locus is also potentiated by sodium arsenite in CHO cells.
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2719637 Flamigni F, Marmiroli S, Caldarera CM, Guarnieri C: Involvement of thiol transferase- and thioredoxin-dependent systems in the protection of 'essential' thiol groups of ornithine decarboxylase. Biochem J. 1989 Apr 1;259(1):111-5.

In an attempt to investigate the physiological role of the 'essential' thiol group (s) of ODC, erythroleukaemia cells were incubated with NN-bis-(2-chloroethyl)-N'-nitrosourea, t-butyl hydroperoxide and vinblastine, which are known to increase the cellular GSSG/GSH ratio, azelaic acid, an inhibitor of thioredoxin reductase, and sodium arsenite, a strong inhibitor of the ODC-re-activating factors.
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9837857 Hartsfield CL, Alam J, Choi AM: Transcriptional regulation of the heme oxygenase 1 gene by pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate. FASEB J. 1998 Dec;12(15):1675-82.

Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), a stress response protein, is highly induced in response to various agents causing oxidative stress including ultraviolet irradiation, sodium arsenite, hyperoxia, and glutathione depletors.
Plasmid vectors containing various fragments of this region were linked to a chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) reporter gene, stably transfected into RAW 264.7 cells, and transfectants were assayed for CAT activity after treatment with PDTC.
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14673132 Wadekar SA, Li D, Sanchez ER: Agonist-activated glucocorticoid receptor inhibits binding of heat shock factor 1 to the heat shock protein 70 promoter in vivo. Mol Endocrinol. 2004 Mar;18(3):500-8. Epub 2003 Dec 12.

In all cases, inhibition of HSF1 recruitment to the promoter by dexamethasone was blocked by the GR antagonist RU486, a result that was consistent with promoter activity based on chloramphenicol acetyl transferase gene expression.
Dexamethasone inhibited HSF1 binding at the Hsp70 promoter in response to heat or chemical shock (sodium arsenite).
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8971075 Sutherland C, Tebbey PW, Granner DK: Oxidative and chemical stress mimic insulin by selectively inhibiting the expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in hepatoma cells. Diabetes. 1997 Jan;46(1):17-22.


We now show that oxidative and chemical stress (hydrogen peroxide and sodium meta-arsenite, respectively) also produce a dominant inhibitory effect, both on the endogenous PEPCK gene and on a stably transfected PEPCK-chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) fusion gene.
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15377153 Lee CH, Yu CL, Liao WT, Kao YH, Chai CY, Chen GS, Yu HS: Effects and interactions of low doses of arsenic and UVB on keratinocyte apoptosis. Chem Res Toxicol. 2004 Sep;17(9):1199-205.

Cultured human keratinocytes were treated with sodium arsenite (1 microM) and/or UVB (50 mJ/cm (2)) irradiation in different combinations: (i) arsenic alone, (ii) UVB alone, (iii) arsenic followed by UVB (As-UVB), and (iv) UVB followed by arsenic (UVB-As) treatments.
The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine nick-end labeling assay showed a higher apoptosis rate in the UVB-As group as compared to that of the As-UVB and UVB groups.
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12441363 Schuliga M, Chouchane S, Snow ET: Upregulation of glutathione-related genes and enzyme activities in cultured human cells by sublethal concentrations of inorganic arsenic. Toxicol Sci. 2002 Dec;70(2):183-92.


Glutathione related enzymes including glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathioneS-transferase (GST) also play key roles in these processes.
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18296743 Wu J, Liu J, Waalkes MP, Cheng ML, Li L, Li CX, Yang Q: High dietary fat exacerbates arsenic-induced liver fibrosis in mice. Exp Biol Med. 2008 Mar;233(3):377-84.

Mice were given sodium arsenite (As3+, 200 ppm) or sodium arsenate (As5+, 200 ppm) in the drinking water for 10 months, and provided a normal diet or a diet containing 20% added fat.
The expression of the stress-related gene heme oxygenase-1 was increased, while metallothionein-1 and GSH S-transferase-pi were decreased when arsenic was combined with the high fat diet.
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9224953 Lu TH, Pepe JA, Gildemeister OS, Tyrrell RM, Bonkovsky HL: Regulation of expression of the human heme oxygenase-1 gene in transfected chick embryo liver cell cultures. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1997 Jun 26;1352(3):293-302.

In previous work (Tyrrell et al., Carcinogenesis [1993] 14, 761-765), portions of the 5' promoter region of the human HO-1 gene linked to the reporter gene chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT), had been transiently expressed in HeLa cells.
The transfected cells were treated with selected metals, heme, phorbol ester, and chemical agents that produce oxidative stress (H2O2 or sodium arsenite).
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15720117 Chen PH, Lan CC, Chiou MH, Hsieh MC, Chen GS: Effects of arsenic and UVB on normal human cultured keratinocytes: impact on apoptosis and implication on photocarcinogenesis. Chem Res Toxicol. 2005 Feb;18(2):139-44.

Cultured keratinocytes were treated with sodium arsenite (1 microM) and/or UVB 50 mJ/cm2 irradiation in different combinations, including arsenic alone (As group), UVB alone (UVB group), arsenic followed by UVB (As/UVB group), and UVB followed by As (UVB/As group) treatments.
The UVB group showed obvious elevation of caspase-8, -9, and -3 activities in addition to strong induction of apoptosis as determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay.
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16649189 Fischer JM, Robbins SB, Kannamkumarath SS, Al-Zoughool M, Stringer SL, Talaska G, Caruso JA, Stambrook PJ, Stringer JR: Exposure of mice to arsenic and/or benzo [a] pyrene does not increase the frequency of Aprt-deficient cells recovered from explanted skin of Aprt heterozygous mice. Environ Mol Mutagen. 2006 Jun;47(5):334-44.

To determine whether arsenic increases the frequency of allele loss due to either malsegregation or mitotic recombination in vivo, Aprt (+/-) hybrid mice were exposed to sodium arsenite (10 mg/L) in their drinking water for 10 weeks.
Cells were taken from painted dorsal skin and cultured in the presence of 2,6-diaminopurine (DAP), to select colonies lacking adenosine phosphoribosyl transferase (Aprt) activity.
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11500013 Shobha Rani A, Sudharsan R, Reddy TN, Reddy PU, Raju TN: Effect of arsenite on certain aspects of protein metabolism in fresh water teleost, Tilapia mossambica (Peters). J Environ Biol. 2001 Apr;22(2):101-4.

The sublethal toxicity of sodium arsenite on protein metabolism was investigated in teleost fish, Tilalpia mossambica at the end of 24, 48, 72 and 96 h of exposure.
Total protein content, free amino acid content and activities of the enzymes aspartate amino transferase (AAT) and alanine amino transferase (ALAT) in liver, gill, brain and muscle exhibited significant (P <0.05) alterations throughout the investigation in relation to that of control.
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16288947 Bashir S, Sharma Y, Irshad M, Nag TC, Tiwari M, Kabra M, Dogra TD: Arsenic induced apoptosis in rat liver following repeated 60 days exposure. Toxicology. 2006 Jan 5;217(1):63-70. Epub 2005 Nov 9.

AIM: The present study was focused to elucidate the role of free radicals in arsenic toxicity and to investigate the nature of in vivo sodium arsenite induced cell death in liver.
Terminal deoxy-nucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP Nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assay was used to qualify and quantify apoptosis.
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16079067 Wu F, Burns FJ, Zhang R, Uddin AN, Rossman TG: Arsenite-induced alterations of DNA photodamage repair and apoptosis after solar-simulation UVR in mouse keratinocytes in vitro. Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Aug;113(8):983-6.

The keratinocytes were treated with different concentrations of sodium arsenite (0.0, 2.5, 5.0 microM) for 24 hr and then were immediately irradiated with a single dose of 0.30 kJ/m2 UVR.
At 24 hr after UVR, DNA photoproducts [cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and 6-4 photoproducts (6-4PPs)] and apoptosis were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the two-color TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotide transferase dUTP nick end labeling) assay, respectively.
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