Protein Information

Name IL 6
Synonyms 26 kd protein; B cell differentiation factor; B cell stimulatory factor 2; BSF 2; BSF2; CDF; CTL differentiation factor; HGF…

Compound Information

Name sodium arsenite
CAS sodium arsenenite

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
9671371 Swank GM, Lu Q, Xu DZ, Michalsky M, Deitch EA: Effect of acute-phase and heat-shock stress on apoptosis in intestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2). Crit Care Med. 1998 Jul;26(7):1213-7.

OBJECTIVES: a) To determine if the sequence of exposure of intestinal epithelial cells to heat-shock or acute-phase stimuli would affect whether cellular protection or injury would occur; and b) to determine if the effects of a thermally induced heat-shock response can be mimicked by sodium arsenite, a nonthermal inducer of the heat-shock response.
However, Caco-2 cells exposed to the cytokines IL-1beta and IL-6 had a significantly higher rate of apoptosis (22.1%, p < .01 vs. other groups).
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19083458 Pai MH, Chien YW, Tsai YH, Hu YM, Yeh SL: Glutamine reduces the expression of leukocyte integrins leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 and macrophage antigen-1 in mice exposed to arsenic. Nutr Res. 2008 Aug;28(8):544-9.


The control group drank deionized water, whereas the experimental group drank deionized water containing 50 ppm of sodium arsenite.
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15116095 Cheng HY, Li P, David M, Smithgall TE, Feng L, Lieberman MW: Arsenic inhibition of the JAK-STAT pathway. Oncogene. 2004 Apr 29;23(20):3603-12.


Pretreatment with sodium arsenite strongly inhibited IL-6-inducible STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation in HepG2 cells and did not affect its serine phosphorylation.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
12241537 Hershko DD, Robb BW, Hungness ES, Luo G, Guo X, Hasselgren PO: Arsenite inhibits interleukin-6 production in human intestinal epithelial cells by down-regulating nuclear factor-kappaB activity. Clin Sci. 2002 Oct;103(4):381-90.

We tested the hypothesis that sodium arsenite inhibits IL-6 production in stimulated enterocytes and that this effect of arsenite is caused by down-regulation of NF-kappaB activity.
197(2,3,3,7) Details
14523996 Hershko DD, Robb BW, Luo GJ, Hungness ES, Hasselgren PO: Sodium arsenite downregulates transcriptional activity of AP-1 and CRE binding proteins in IL-1beta-treated Caco-2 cells by increasing the expression of the transcriptional repressor CREMalpha. J Cell Biochem. 2003 Oct 15;90(3):627-40.

In recent studies, sodium arsenite (SA) inhibited IL-6 production in cultured intestinal epithelial cells, at least in part by downregulating the activity of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB).
82(1,1,1,2) Details
15689417 Lee PC, Ho IC, Lee TC: Oxidative stress mediates sodium arsenite-induced expression of heme oxygenase-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and interleukin-6 in vascular smooth muscle cells. Toxicol Sci. 2005 May;85(1):541-50. Epub 2005 Feb 2.
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20008137 Kimura A, Ishida Y, Wada T, Hisaoka T, Morikawa Y, Sugaya T, Mukaida N, Kondo T: The absence of interleukin-6 enhanced arsenite-induced renal injury by promoting autophagy of tubular epithelial cells with aberrant extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation. Am J Pathol. 2010 Jan;176(1):40-50. Epub 2009 Dec 11.

Sodium arsenite (NaAs)-induced autophagic cell death (ACD) of a mouse renal tubular epithelial cell line (mProx24), which expresses enhanced levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), was reduced by the suppression of autophagy by 3-methyladenine or Atg7 knockdown.
38(0,1,1,8) Details
11893605 Pritts TA, Hungness ES, Hershko DD, Robb BW, Sun X, Luo GJ, Fischer JE, Wong HR, Hasselgren PO: Proteasome inhibitors induce heat shock response and increase IL-6 expression in human intestinal epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2002 Apr;282(4):R1016-26.

In previous studies, the heat shock response, induced by hyperthermia or sodium arsenite, increased interleukin (IL)-6 production in intestinal mucosa and cultured human enterocytes.
37(0,1,1,7) Details
11099391 Wang Q, Sun X, Pritts TA, Wong HR, Hasselgren PO: Induction of the stress response increases interleukin-6 production in the intestinal mucosa of endotoxaemic mice. Clin Sci. 2000 Dec;99(6):489-96.

The stress response was induced in mice by hyperthermia (rectal temperature of 42 degrees C for 3 min) or by intraperitoneal injection of sodium arsenite (10 mg/kg).
8(0,0,0,8) Details
10841042 Miwa M, Kozawa OO, Tokuda H, Uematsu T: Involvement of arachidonic acid in chemical stress-induced interleukin-6 synthesis in osteoblast-like cells: comparison with heat shock protein 27 induction. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2000 Mar;62(3):189-93.

In a previous study, we have demonstrated that sodium arsenite (arsenite) as chemical stress stimulates heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) induction and arachidonic acid release in osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells, and that the response of HSP27 induction is coupled with metabolic activity of the arachidonic acid cascade.
8(0,0,0,8) Details
16243048 Sun D, Chen D, Du B, Pan J: Heat shock response inhibits NF-kappaB activation and cytokine production in murine Kupffer cells. J Surg Res. 2005 Nov;129(1):114-21.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Kupffer cells were isolated from mice by collagenase digestion and HSP was induced by culturing Kupffer cells with sodium arsenite.
Supernatant tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 levels were measured by ELISA.
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16413386 Mortaz E, Redegeld FA, Nijkamp FP, Wong HR, Engels F: Acetylsalicylic acid-induced release of HSP70 from mast cells results in cell activation through TLR pathway. Exp Hematol. 2006 Jan;34(1):8-18.


We found that after induction of HSP70, the production of TNF-alpha and IL-6 was increased.
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17185630 Kuboki S, Schuster R, Blanchard J, Pritts TA, Wong HR, Lentsch AB: Role of heat shock protein 70 in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2007 Apr;292(4):G1141-9. Epub 2006 Dec 21.

In addition, arsenite similarly reduced liver neutrophil recruitment and liver nuclear factor-kappaB activation, and attenuated serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and macrophage inflammatory protein-2, but increased levels of interleukin (IL)-6.
To explore the function of HSP70, sodium arsenite (8 mg/kg iv) was injected before surgery.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
19682479 Srivastava S, Vladykovskaya EN, Haberzettl P, Sithu SD, D'Souza SE, States JC: Arsenic exacerbates atherosclerotic lesion formation and inflammation in ApoE-/- mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2009 Nov 15;241(1):90-100. Epub 2009 Aug 12.


Expression of pro-inflammatory chemokine MCP-1 and cytokine IL-6 and markers of oxidative stress, protein-HNE and protein-MDA adducts were markedly increased in lesions of arsenic-exposed mice.
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18296743 Wu J, Liu J, Waalkes MP, Cheng ML, Li L, Li CX, Yang Q: High dietary fat exacerbates arsenic-induced liver fibrosis in mice. Exp Biol Med. 2008 Mar;233(3):377-84.

Mice were given sodium arsenite (As3+, 200 ppm) or sodium arsenate (As5+, 200 ppm) in the drinking water for 10 months, and provided a normal diet or a diet containing 20% added fat.
Arsenic exposure increased the expression of inflammation genes, such as TNF-alpha, IL-6, iNOS, chemokines, and macrophage inflammatory protein-2.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
10944112 Goh KC, deVeer MJ, Williams BR: The protein kinase PKR is required for p38 MAPK activation and the innate immune response to bacterial endotoxin. EMBO J. 2000 Aug 15;19(16):4292-7.


We also show that LPS induction of interleukin-6 and interleukin-12 mRNA is defective in PKR-null cells, and that production of these cytokines is impaired in PKR-null mice challenged with LPS.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16160914 Chen D, Pan J, Du B, Sun D: Induction of the heat shock response in vivo inhibits NF-kappaB activity and protects murine liver from endotoxemia-induced injury. J Clin Immunol. 2005 Sep;25(5):452-61.

We report here on the effects of the heat shock response (HSR) induced by sodium arsenite on endotoxemia-induced liver injury as well as hepatic NF-kappaB activation and proinflammatory cytokine expression.
Expression of mRNA coding for TNF-alpha and IL-6 in liver was significantly lower in arsenite-pretreated animals.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18407307 Soto-Pena GA, Vega L: Arsenic interferes with the signaling transduction pathway of T cell receptor activation by increasing basal and induced phosphorylation of Lck and Fyn in spleen cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2008 Jul 15;230(2):216-26. Epub 2008 Mar 10.

Intra-gastric exposure to arsenic (as sodium arsenite) for 30 days (1, 0.1, or 0.01 mg/kg/day), reduced the proportion of CD4+ cells and the CD4+/CD8+ ratio in the spleen, increasing the proportion of CD11b+ cells.
Arsenic exposure reduced the proliferative response of SMC to Con-A, and also reduced secretion of IL-2, IL-6, IL-12 and IFNgamma.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17224793 Wang Q, Guo XL, Noel G, Ogle C: Heat shock stress ameliorates cytokine mixture-induced permeability by downregulating the nitric oxide and signal transducer and activator of transcription pathways in Caco-2 cells. Shock. 2007 Feb;27(2):179-85.

A monolayer of Caco-2 cells were pretreated with sodium arsenite (SA, 500 micromol/L) for 1 h, followed by a 1-h recovery, and then stimulated with a cytokine mixture (cytomix: tumor necrosis factor alpha [10 ng/mL], interferon beta [1000 U/mL], and interleukin [IL] 1beta [1 ng/mL]) for 24 h.
The SA treatment also decreased cytomix-induced IL-6 and IL-8 production in a dose-dependent manner.
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