Protein Information

Name PARP
Synonyms COL11A2; PARP; Collagen alpha 2(XI) chain; Collagen alpha 2(XI) chain precursor; Collagen type XI alpha 2; Collagen type XI alpha 2 isoform 1; DFNA13; DFNB53…

Compound Information

Name sodium arsenite
CAS sodium arsenenite

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
19616567 Ghosh J, Das J, Manna P, Sil PC: Taurine prevents arsenic-induced cardiac oxidative stress and apoptotic damage: role of NF-kappa B, p38 and JNK MAPK pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2009 Oct 1;240(1):73-87. Epub 2009 Jul 17.


Arsenic reduced cardiomyocyte viability, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and intracellular calcium overload, and induced apoptotic cell death by mitochondrial dependent caspase-3 activation and poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) cleavage.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
19536524 Wang Y, Xu Y, Wang H, Xue P, Li X, Li B, Zheng Q, Sun G: Arsenic induces mitochondria-dependent apoptosis by reactive oxygen species generation rather than glutathione depletion in Chang human hepatocytes. Arch Toxicol. 2009 Oct;83(10):899-908. Epub 2009 Jun 18.

The MTT assay demonstrated that sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) treatment for 24 h caused a dose-dependent decrease of cell viability.
NaAsO2 treatment (0-30 microM) was also found to induce phosphatidylserine externalization, a hallmark of apoptosis; to disrupt the mitochondrial membrane potential (Deltapsi ( m )); to cause the release of cytochrome c into the cytosol, and to trigger cleavage of caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) in a dose-dependent manner.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
20188806 Xu Y, Wang H, Wang Y, Zheng Y, Sun G: Effects of folate on arsenic toxicity in Chang human hepatocytes: Involvement of folate antioxidant properties. Toxicol Lett. 2010 Feb 25.

Cells were cultured in folate-deficient medium, normal folate medium or folate-supplemented medium for 1h and then co-treated with or without 20-muM sodium arsenite (NaAsO (2)) for 24h.
The results showed that folate deficiency significantly aggravated the NaAsO (2)-induced apoptotic progression [evidenced by phosphatidylserine externalization, cleavage of capspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), collapse of mitochondrial potential, and release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria] and decrease of cell viability.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
10652248 Mirkes PE, Little SA: Cytochrome c release from mitochondria of early postimplantation murine embryos exposed to 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide, heat shock, and staurosporine. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2000 Feb 1;162(3):197-206.

Previously, we showed that the cell death induced in day 9 mouse embryos by three teratogens, hyperthermia (HS), 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4-CP), and sodium arsenite (As), is apoptotic in nature involving the activation of caspase-3, cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), and DNA fragmentation.
32(0,1,1,2) Details
10200514 Mirkes PE, Little SA: Teratogen-induced cell death in postimplantation mouse embryos: differential tissue sensitivity and hallmarks of apoptosis. Cell Death Differ. 1998 Jul;5(7):592-600.

We show that three teratogens, hyperthermia, cyclophosphamide and sodium arsenite induce an increase in cell death in day 9.0 mouse embryos with concurrent induction of DNA fragmentation, activation of caspase-3 and the cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP).
32(0,1,1,2) Details
9219571 Yager JW, Wiencke JK: Inhibition of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase by arsenite. . Mutat Res. 1997 Jun;386(3):345-51.

The effect of treatment with sodium arsenite on PARP activity was assessed as follows: Molt-3 cells (a human T-cell lymphoma-derived cell line) in culture were treated for 24 h with concentrations of sodium arsenite ranging from 2.5 up to 25 microM.
10(0,0,1,5) Details
17849503 Watcharasit P, Thiantanawat A, Satayavivad J: GSK3 promotes arsenite-induced apoptosis via facilitation of mitochondria disruption. J Appl Toxicol. 2008 May;28(4):466-74.


Investigation of the involvement of GSK3 in arsenite-induced apoptosis demonstrated that arsenite induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells, activating the executioner caspase-3 which caused cleavage of poly-ADP ribose-polymerase (PARP).
2(0,0,0,2) Details
11035063 Hossain K, Akhand AA, Kato M, Du J, Takeda K, Wu J, Takeuchi K, Liu W, Suzuki H, Nakashima I: Arsenite induces apoptosis of murine T lymphocytes through membrane raft-linked signaling for activation of c-Jun amino-terminal kinase. J Immunol. 2000 Oct 15;165(8):4290-7.


Additionally, staurosporine, which severely inhibited the activation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) family kinases and c-Jun, partially blocked the NaAsO (2)-mediated signal for poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) degradation.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
19580012 Alarifi SA, Alkahtani S, Tarboush FM, Al-Qahtani A: Effect of DNA hypomethylation on genotoxicity and apoptogenicity of sodium arsenite in laboratory mice. Pak J Biol Sci. 2009 Apr 1;12(7):554-64.

0(0,0,0,0) Details
20153345 Bolt AM, Byrd RM, Klimecki WT: Autophagy is the predominant process induced by arsenite in human lymphoblastoid cell lines. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2010 Feb 11.


We investigated the cytotoxicity of sodium arsenite in LCL 18564 using a set of complementary markers for cell death pathways.
0(0,0,0,0) Details