Protein Information

Name glutathione S transferases
Synonyms GST class alpha 2; Gst2; GST class alpha; GST class alpha member 2; GST gamma; GSTA 2; GSTA2; GSTA2 2…

Compound Information

Name fluorodifen
CAS 2-nitro-1-(4-nitrophenoxy)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
10870180 Pflugmacher S, Schroder P, Sandermann H Jr: Taxonomic distribution of plant glutathione S-transferases acting on xenobiotics. Phytochemistry. 2000 Jun;54(3):267-73.

Soluble and microsomal glutathione S-transferase activities for five model xenobiotics (nitrobenzene derivatives), two pesticidal xenobiotics (atrazine and fluorodifen), and a natural substrate (cinnamic acid), were determined in 59 different plant species and four plant cell suspension cultures.
83(1,1,1,3) Details
18246773 Lyubenova L, Gotz C, Golan-Goldhirsh A, Schroder P: Short communication direct effect of Cd on glutathione S-transferase and glutathione reductase from Calystegia sepium. Int J Phytoremediation. 2007 Nov-Dec;9(6):465-73.

Glutathione S-transferase activity was measured with different substrates, i.e., 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), p-nitrobenzylchloride (NBC), and the herbicide Fluorodifen.
33(0,1,1,3) Details
14969958 Schroder P, Rennenberg H: Characterization of glutathione S-transferase from dwarf pine needles (Pinus mugo Turra). Tree Physiol. 1992 Sep;11(2):151-60.

In vivo incubation of needle segments with the herbicide fluorodifen at 25 degrees C resulted in conversion of the xenobiotic to water-soluble products at initial rates of 0.7 nmol h (-1) g (fw) (-1).
3(0,0,0,3) Details
18607078 Cho HY, Kong KH: Study on the biochemical characterization of herbicide detoxification enzyme, glutathione S-transferase. Biofactors. 2007;30(4):281-7.

The tau class GST enzymes displayed remarkable activity toward the diphenylether herbicide, fluorodifen.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
18380233 Aly MA, Schroder P: Effect of herbicides on glutathione S-transferases in the earthworm, Eisenia fetida. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2008 Mar;15(2):143-9.

Fluorodifen was not conjugated at all, but fenoxaprop and metolachlor were conjugated at low rates.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
19462193 Schroder P, Lyubenova L, Huber C: Do heavy metals and metalloids influence the detoxification of organic xenobiotics in plants?. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2009 Nov;16(7):795-804. Epub 2009 May 22.

GST spectrophotometric assays included the model substrates CDNB, DCNB, NBC, NBoC and the herbicide Fluorodifen.
In fact, glutathione S-transferases show strong reactions in stressed plants or in the presence of heavy metals.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16168738 Nimptsch J, Wunderlin DA, Dollan A, Pflugmacher S: Antioxidant and biotransformation enzymes in Myriophyllum quitense as biomarkers of heavy metal exposure and eutrophication in Suquia River basin (Cordoba, Argentina). Chemosphere. 2005 Oct;61(2):147-57. Epub 2005 Apr 20.


Myriophyllum quitense reacts to the pollution stress increasing the activity of glutathione-S-transferases (CDNB and Fluorodifen), glutathione reductase (GR) and peroxidase (POD).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17293503 Hoque E, Pflugmacher S, Fritscher J, Wolf M: Induction of glutathione S-transferase in biofilms and germinating spores of Mucor hiemalis strain EH5 from cold sulfidic spring waters. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2007 Apr;73(8):2697-707. Epub 2007 Feb 9.

Measurement of microsomal and cytosolic soluble GST activities using different xenobiotic substrates, including 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene, 1,2-epoxy-3-(4-nitrophenoxy) propane, 1-iodo-2,4-dinitrobenzene, and fluorodifen, showed that the overall biotransforming abilities of biofilms were at least sixfold greater than that of strain EH5 alone.
2(0,0,0,2) Details